摘要:

AbstractImmunoregulatory control at both a local and systemic level is likely to be an important factor in the control of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, explaining, at least in part, the individual variations between patients as well as the cyclical nature of the disease process. The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), which is due to the stimulation of T cells by autologous HLA‐DR positive non‐T cells in the absence of specific antigen, is thought to be an in vitro correlate of immunoregulation. It is possible therefore, that the AMLR may detect systemic immunoregulatory phenomena in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease and that aberrations in the AMLR may be a manifestation of the disease and in turn reflect disease activity. Recent evidence does in fact suggest that the peripheral blood AMLR may identify particular disease groups, provided age and time of peak responsiveness are taken into account and hence may have an epidemiological application. It remains to be determined, however, that when used in a longitudinal fashion, the AMLR does reflect individual disease activity. These results are reviewed and areas of future research discus

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00858.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSerum antibody titers toActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) Y4, Bacteroides gingivalis, Capnocytophaga ochraceaandEubacterium saburreumwere determined with an enzyme immunoassay in 12 patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP) at the beginning of treatment and 16 to 32 months later after clinically successful mechanical therapy without antibiotics. The values were compared to corresponding data obtained from 26 age‐ and sex‐matched individuals with a healthy periodontium. 6 JP patients had significantly increased levels of IgG and IgA antibodies toA.a.and 2 patients had increased IgG and IgA antibodies toC.ochracea.About 75% of the JP patients had a level of IgG antibody toB.gingivalisandE.saburreumwhich was more than one SD lower than the mean of the healthy controls, and in the IgA class 80–100% had such decreased levels of antibodies to these bacteria. In the IgM class, the JP patients by and large had normal levels of antibodies to the 4 bacteria. After treatment, antibodies toA.a.had decreased in only 3 patients, but the levels were still significantly higher than in healthy controls. Minimal alterations were observed in the levels of antibodies toB.gingivalis, C.ochraceaandE.saburreumafter trea

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new method for counting the numbers of spirochaetes in subgingival plaque is described. The technique involves the combined use of a negative stained preparation, dark field microscopy, and an image analysing system. Advantages of the method include: smears need not be made until 2 days after sampling, and can be examined microscopically for up to 1 year after preparation; reproducibility of counts are more than 90% and the data can be computerised. The new method should prove useful in the routine assessment of subgingival plaque from patients with various forms of periodontitis, and in epidemiological surveys.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00860.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeriodontal sites of shallow initial probing depth often seem to lose probing attachment following various types of periodontal therapy, including non‐surgical therapy. The susceptibility to this treatment‐associated probing attachment loss may conceivably be related to gingival architecture as well as to the inflammatory status of the tissues. This study was designed to study the relationship of buccolingual gingival thickness and bleeding on probing in shallow buccal sites ( 3.5 mm probing depth) to loss of probing attachment following nonsurgical therapy. 3 months following treatment consisting of oral hygiene instruction and supra‐ and subgingival debridement, thin ( 1.5 mm), initially non‐bleeding sites displayed a mean loss of probing attachment of 0.3 mm. Thick ( 2.0 mm), non‐bleeding sites displayed a less noticable mean loss of probing attachment, whereas bleeding sites of both categories of gingival thickness showed a tendency towards gains in probing attachment levels. It may be concluded that the mean loss in probing attachment levels, commonly seen for shallow sites post‐therapy, may be primarily due to the changes in shallow, thin he

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00861.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of 4 clinical techniques used in detecting early plaque during a period of dietary sucrose restriction and during a period of sucrose supplementation. The accumulation of plaque during experimental periods of 3 h, 6 h and 18 h was recorded in a group of 38 dental personnel for the 1st part of the study, and in a group of 32 for the 2nd part. Plaque levels were assessed using a caries probe, a plaque detection probe, erythrosin and a 2‐tone disclosing agent.There was a progressive increase in plaque over the period of the study, with significant variation between the detection methods used and the sites being assessed. Plaque formed more rapidly interdentally and on the posterior teeth. 3 h after the teeth had been thoroughly cleaned, plaque was detectable on over 12% of sites for the sucrose‐restricted diet and on up to 23% of sites for the sucrose‐supplemented diet. After 18 h of plaque formation, the proportion of plaque‐covered surfaces had increased to between 52% and 73%.For minimal amounts of plaque, the disclosing solutions were found to be the most sensitive assessment techniques. However, for moderate and abundant plaque deposits, the techniques using the probes resulted in a greater degree of differentiation in the proportional measurements of plaque. Overall, the plaque probe was found to be as sensitive or better than the other techniques under most conditions and was favourd on clinical grounds, as it aided access to the interdental areas and provided a contrasting colour at the tip to enable plaque to be detected with greater ease. The results of the study indicated that when assessing the compliance of an individual with plaque control procedures, the amounts of deposits should be assessed almost immediately after the subject has performed oral hygiene procedures. Alternatively, allowances must be made for the time that has lapsed since the teeth were last cleaned as well as for the other factors which would influence the amount of plaque recorded, e.g., the number of teeth in the mouth and their position, the sensitivity of the detection system for plaque, and the number of intakes of food or drink that contain

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00862.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a simplified system of oral hygiene, comprising Bass brushing, scaling, root planing and subgingival irrigation using a pulsated monojet oral irrigator, in patients with chronic periodontitis.After initial assessment, patients received scaling, root planing and instruction in Bass brushing and in use of a pulsated jet oral irrigator (Water Pik + Imax attachment) to irrigate subgingivally. 11 patients with 262 approximal periodontal pockets used 0.02% chlorhexidine (CH), or a placebo as the irrigating solution once daily for 28 days. Plaque index (P1I), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were assessed on days 0, 28, 56 and 84. Within procedure comparisons for all groups showed that the regime was highly effective in reducing P1I, SBI and PPD, improvements being maintained at least until day 84. Between procedure comparisons showed that benefits were improved only marginally by the use of 0.02% CH as the irrigation fluid. The patients found the procedure pleasant and neither injuries nor staining were noted during the study.It was concluded that this simplified oral hygiene system was effective in reducing periodontal inflammation and pocket depth, although no significant added benefit with 0.02% CH was apparent. The technique may be useful in patients who cannot achieve high levels of routine mechanical oral hygiene, particularly interdentally. The effects of using higher concentrations of chlorhexidine should be investigated.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the experimental gingivitis model has been used extensively since 1965, some doubts exist concerning the nature of the tissue response in this model. Accordingly, the present study was designed to determine whether or not experimental gingivitis responded to 0.1% folate mouthwash (MW) in a similar manner to that already reported for established gingivitis. 20 male dental students took part in a double blind cross‐over study which involved two 3‐week experimental periods with random allocation to folate or placebo MW. The experimental site was the lower anterior area and 24 points of gingival examination were made at baseline and weeks 1, 2 and 3. Inflammation was assessed by presence or absence of colour change, and bleeding being slight, profuse or absent when gingivae were stroked with a blunt probe. A plaque sample was evaluated using dark field microscopy, and dry weight of accumulated plaque was measured at the end of each experimental period. Folate MW did not appear to have any statistically significant effects on accumulated plaque, or clinical signs of experimental gingivitis in this study. The different response of experimental gingivitis to folate MW, compared with the response of established gingivitis already reported, further suggests that experimental gingivitis may not represent an authentic replica of the cellular and immunological responses occurring in established gingivi

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a previous publication, we described the clinical and radiographic findings of a family in which the children manifested premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth. We now report for the same family the results of extensive laboratory studies performed on blood and urine, analysis of periodontal microflora, and a family pedigree. We demonstrated the presence of putative periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microflora, elevated levels of serum antibodies reacting toBacteroides gingivalis, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, andC. sputigenain 2 of the children, and significantly suppressed monocyte chemotaxis in all 3 children. Phosphoethanolamine was found in the urine of the father and all 3 children, but not in the mother. Likewise, serum alkaline phosphatase was abnormally low for all 3 children, and was at the extreme low end of normal range for the father, but was normal for the mother. On the basis of the alkaline phosphatase and phosphoethanolamine measurements, we assigned a diagnosis of hypophosphatasia to the 3 children. Phosphoethanolamine and alkaline phosphatase were also abnormal in the paternal grandmother and her brother. The son of this brother who was deceased had a daughter manifesting premature loss of the primary teeth. The data are consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. In the light of our findings, hypoplastic cementum must be considered in the etiology of some forms of early‐onset periodontiti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA combination of blotting of bacterial colonies on nitrocellulose paper discs and immunoenzymatic detection of bound antigens with specific monoclonal antibodies was used to detect and serotypeActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansdirectly off the initial agar culture dish. TheA. actinomycetemcomitansantigens, representative of specific colonies, were identified immunoenzymatically using monoclonal antibody specific for a species‐specific antigen. The serotype of the bacteria in colonies was identified by dividing the blotting paper into sections and immunoenzymatically identifying the serotype antigens with serotype‐specific monoclonal antibodies. This procedure provides for simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate identification and characterization ofA. actinomycetemcomitansisolates from the initial isolation agar pla

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report compares the clinical and microbiological status of 2 groups of subjects with treated periodontitis on different maintenance schedules. 43 control (C) subjects were given prophylaxes every 3 months. 40 test (T) subjects were given this service on a flexible schedule according to the proportions of spirochetes and/or motile rods in fresh smears of subgingival scrapings. Both groups were examined every 6 months clinically and microbiologically. This report presents base line, 1‐ and 2‐year data. Generally, mean values for both groups did not differ significantly from one another. Both groups exhibited comparable increases in GI and PLI scores during the first 2 years of this study. No change in probing depth was noted between base line and the 2‐year examination. However, a slight increase in attachment level, as determined by probing, was noted in both groups. Both groups also exhibited similar proportions of bacterial morphotypes at base line and subsequent examinations.Disease recurrence, defined as an increase in probing depth of 3 mm or more from base line on any tooth surface during the 2‐year period, tended to be more prevalent in the C than in the T group (15/43 C and 9/40 T subjects). However, the proportional difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Subjects with disease recurrence in the T group had greater proportions of spirochetes at base line than subjects in the same group without disease recurrence (20.2% versus 9.8%,P<0.01). This difference in proportions persisted if both groups were examined jointly, but was only of borderline significance (16.0% versus 10.5%,p= 0.05). The difference did not reach statistical significance when C subjects alone were examined. The difference between groups with respect to correlation of spirochete % at base line and future disease recurrence may be due to differences in the recall schedule, with regular tri‐monthly prophylaxes more likely to interfere with the expected tissue response to the resident subgingival microbiota. After 2 years, although both groups averaged about 7 recall visits, the time elapsed since the last prophylaxis averaged 2.4 months for the C versus 13.7 months for the T group. No other criteria examined at base line were significantly correlated with disease r

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY