摘要:

AbstractThe spontaneous proliferative response (SPR) of peripheral blood lymphocytes, as a measure of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), has been found to be depressed in adults with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD). The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that initial treatment of CIPD in adults restores the SPR to normal levels. 10 periodontal disease subjects (mean probing attachment loss of 4.2 mm and a mean bleeding index of 0.65) and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects were studied. The SPR for each patient was evaluated on days 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in culture, before and after initial treatment for CIPD. The peak SPR, which occurred at day 5, was depressed in the untreated periodontal disease subjects compared to the healthy control subjects (p<0.01). In addition, the kinetics of the SPR were found to be significantly different in 4 of the 10 parameters compared with the untreated periodontal disease patients and the healthy control subjects. After treatment, there was a significant reduction in probing attachment loss and bleeding indexes (p<0.001). In addition, the magnitude of the peak SPR was not significantly different from that of the healthy control subjects. Nevertheless, a difference in 1 of the 10 kinetic parameters persisted, which suggested that complete resotration of the SPR to normal had not occurred so soon after treatment. Although individual variations occurred, no significant differences in magnitude or kinetics of the SPR were found when the 2 healthy samples were compared, whereas the treated periodontal disease samples were significantly different from the untreated periodontal disease samples in both kinetics and magnitude at day 5 (p<0.001) and day 7 (p<0.05). These results support previous findings that the SPR is depressed in patients with untreated CIPD and that it returns to normal following initial treatment and reduction in antigenic l

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEarly plaque growth and plaque topography were studied in 15 young adults with a healthy periodontium during a 4‐day period of no oral hygiene. After perfect tooth‐cleaning, the recolonisation of the buccal surfaces of 48 teeth (front teeth and premolars) was recorded at the start and after 6, 12, 24, 30. 36, 48, 54, 60, 72, 84 and 96 h. At each visit, reproducible colour slides of the buccal tooth surfaces were taken after plaque disclosure. Plaque extension was calculated planimetrically as a % of the total surface area of the tooth. At the end of the experimental period, an average of 27.7% of the surface area was covered by plaque. The early plaque growth followed an exponential curve with a slight tendency for saturation at 96 h. During the night, the plaque growth rate decreased by up to 50%. Clear differences in plaque growth rate were observed between types of teeth, and the plaque growth pattern seemed to be closely correlated to irregularities of the tooth surface. The discontinuity in plaque growth and the influence from the tooth surface roughness have important implications for oral hygiene plann

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract61 adults, with fixed or removable dental protheses, completed a 6‐month double‐blind trial comparing the clinical and microbial effects of brushing twice daily with either 0.22% NaF or 0.4% SnF2. Those subjects brushing with SnF2had less gingivitis and fewer bleeding sites for both “total teeth” and “abutment teeth”. Plaque scores between groups were only statistically different for the “abutment teeth”. The microbial parameters, salivaryS. mutansand subgingival plaque total CPU, were significantly reduced in the SnF2group. In both treatment groups, there was a reduction over the course of the study in the number of subjects with recoverableA. actinomycetemcomitansand black pigmented bacteroides. yet there was no difference

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTetracycline‐containing cross‐linked collagen film (TC film), or tetracycline‐free placebo film, were locally applied 4 times, at 1‐week intervals, to 33 teeth with periodontal pockets larger than 4 mm, in 11 patients with periodontal disease. The clinical and microbiological effects are summarized, as follows. In the group treated with the TC film, (1) the clinical indices were significantly decreased at the 4th and 7th weeks in comparison with those at the beginning of treatment. In particular, this group showed a significant decrease in the incidence of bleeding as compared with the placebo group at the 4th week. (2) Total counts of bacteria in the periodontal pockets showed an obvious tendency to decrease with time. The proportion of black‐pigmented bacteroides was significantly decreased at the 4th and 7th weeks when compared with the pretreatment value. The extent of decrease in the proportion of spirochetes at both the 4th and 7th weeks was significant compared with the placebo group and the pretreatm

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany toothpastes have been formulated over recent years to contain antimicrobial compounds with the aim of preventing or reducing plaque, calculus, gingival inflammation or dental caries. For many, if not all of these toothpastes, it has yet to be proven whether they are significantly better at reducing plaque and gingivitis than conventional toothpastes, for which no such therapeutic effects have been claimed. This 12–day, incomplete block designed, cross‐over study compared the development of plaque and gingivitis following rinsing with toothpaste slurries containing the following active ingredients: (1) hexetidine/zinc citrate, (2) 0.2% triclosan, (3) amyloglucosidase/glucose oxidase, (4) sodium fluoride/sodium monofluorophosphate (NaF MFP). By the 8th day of the study, a significant difference in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and GT was found between the groups. By day 12, however, no significant difference in plaque index and gingival inflammation was found between the 4 toothpastes, although plaque area was significantly reduced with the hexetidine/zinc citrate paste when compared to the conventional fluoride paste, It was concluded that the active ingredients added to the toothpastes evaluated in this study provided little or no more additional benefit to oral hygiene and gingival health than could be achieved with a conventional fluoride toothpa

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01658.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was performed to determine radiographically the normal distance between the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest (AC) as a background for diagnostic decision on bone loss in adolescents. For this purpose, the normal appearance of the alveolar crest was studied in 30, 18‐year‐olds reported to have had a clinically healthy gingiva at the age of 16 years. A clinical examination was performed and 4 posterior bite‐wing radiographs were taken. Sites with bleeding on probing, loss of probing attachment, defective fillings and calculus were excluded from the analysis. At the remaining 737 sites, the distance CEJ‐AC was measured on radiographs. Also, the appearance of the marginal bone (normal, sclerotic, notched and/or irregular image, widening of the periodontal ligament space) was recorded. The mean distances CEJ‐AC for the separately‐recorded maxillary surfaces amounted to 0.9 or 1.0 mm. In the mandible, the distances amounted to 0.7 or 0.8 mm except for the mesial surface of the mandibular first premolar, where a mean distance of 0.5 mm was noted. At maxillary surfaces, 84‐90% of the sites showed a distance of I mm or less and 94‐100% a distance of 1.5 mm or less. At mandibular surfaces, 93‐100% of the sites showed a distance of 1.0 mm or less and 100% a distance of 1.5 mm or less. At 4 sites, located at the mesial surface of the first and second premolars in the maxilla, the CEJ‐AC distance was recorded as 2 mm. One site was classified as not having a normal appearance. In this site, the marginal bone had an irregular image. Based on the finding that all measurements were within the range 0–2 mm, it is suggested that>2 mm would be the criterion of choice in epidemiological studies of bone loss in adolescents. However, depending on the purpose of the survey, a shorter CEJ‐AC di

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA microbiological study was performed of the subgingivalplaqueon 2 sites in each of 20 adults originating from a rural area 40 km outside Nairobi, Kenya. The recovery rate ofB. gingivaliswas 70%, ofB. intermedius100% and ofA. actinomycetemcomitans40% of the subjects,and50%, 90% and 28%, respectively, of the sites. The isolated strains exhibited similar biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility pattern as type strains of these species. The high recovery rate of these 3 bacterial species in adult Kenyans was a rather surprising finding, since pathological pocketing was found only sporadically. Furthermore, the results of 2 methodological approaches tested demonstrated that such microbiological studies can be carried out in countries with limited laboratory facilities.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 6‐month double‐blind, controlled clinical study was conducted on 107 healthy adult subjects to determine the efficacy of a mouthrinse used as a supplement to regular oral hygiene measures on supragingival dental plaque and gingivitis. 115 healthy adult patients were recruited for the study. Following screening examinations for minimal entry levels of existing gingivitis and plaque in patients with a minimum of 20 sound natural teeth, extrinsic tooth stain, gingivitis and plaque index scores were recorded. Soft tissues were evaluated. All subjects then received a complete dental prophylaxis, removing plaque, calculus and extrinsic stain. Utilizing their normal oral hygiene, subjects began a regimen of rinsing with 20 ml of the randomly assigned rinse, twice daily for 30 s for 6 months. 7 days after prophylaxis, gingivitis was again scored (baseline 2). Soft tissue, gingivitis, plaque area and extrinsic stain were evaluated again at 3 and 6 months. Results demonstrated that after 6 months, listerine produced a 34% inhibition of both plaque and of gingivitis compared to a hydroalcohol control (p<0.0

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn the basis of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAIC)values, 22 type I (insulin‐dependent) diabetic adults were grouped into patients withnear normal(HbAt1c≤7.7%) andPoor(HbAtc≥9.9%) metabolic control. A total of 44 subgingival sites were examined forActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, black‐pigmentedBacteroidesspecies andCapnocytophagaspecies. No significant difference could be demonstrated between patients in the 2 test groups with regard to periodontal condition. Neither age of diabetic patients nor duration of diabetes mellitus influenced the periodontal parameters. In both test groups, pocket depth of 4 mm or more (≥4 mm) was found to be significantly associated with increased swelling, bleeding after probing and amount of marginal plaque. Proportionally high %s of cultivableA. actinomycetemcomitans(mean 4.3%; range 2.8–5.8%),Bacteroides gingival(33.2% and 34.6%) andBacteroides intermedius(mean 4.2%; range 0.001–13.5%) were isolated from diseased periodontal pockets. In diabetic patients withpoormetabolic control,B. intermediuswas isolated from diseased periodontal pockets with a mean % of 7.2%, range 0.3–12.5%. Independent of the degree of metabolic control, low %s ofCapnocytophagaspecies were isolated from diseased and healthy periodontal pockets, mean 0.9% (range 0.003–3.9%) and mean 1.4% (range 0.04–4.9%), respectively. It was concluded from this study that metabolic control seems to have no direct effect on the periodontium. Furthermore, the role ofCapnocytophagaspecies in the pathogenesis of infectious periodontal disease in type I diabetic patients seems to be overestimated. However,A. actinomycetemcomitansand blackpigmentedBacteroidesspecies may be important pathogens in periodontal disease in type I diabetic patients, as they are known to be in non–diabetic

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe validity of a quantitative digital subtraction technique was investigated in vitro when influenced by the following aspects; the material enveloping the aluminium reference wedge, the radiation quality used to produce the radiographs and the effect of differences in image geometry between repeated radiographs. The test object consisted of a dry mandible in which small test objects made of aluminium with known volumes were introduced. By means of the quantitative digital subtraction technique, the aluminium volumes of these test objects were determined. The best agreement between the measured volumes and the actual volumes, was found when the aluminium reference wedge was embedded in polymethylmethacrylate and exposure conditions of 50 kVp, 15 mAs were used. An increase in the differences in image geometry between radiographs led to a decrease in the validity and accuracy of the measurements. For the in vivo application of this method, serial radiographs of 4 patients were taken to register the periodontal bone changes over a 5–8 month period. Differences in the approximal bone between radiographs were quantified in aluminium equivalent volumes (AEV's). In 23% of the measured sites, changes in the mineral content could be detected. The changed sites were found in only 2 patients. One patient showed 3 sites with remineralization, while the other patient showed 2 sites with demineralization. The differences detected ranged from ‐1.54 to + 0.38 mm3aluminium equival

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY