摘要:

Abstract.Attempts to control plaque by chemical means using enzymes, antibiotics and antiseptics are reviewed. Enzymes such as mucinase, dehydrated pancreas, enzymes at fungal origin, dextranase and mutanase showed limited clinical success despite promisingin vitroand animal studies. Side effects from the use of enzymes were observed.Many antibiotics have been used in attempts to control plaque and several have been successful. However, problems exist from the long‐term use of such drugs which precludes their routine use as agents for controlling plaque.The biguanide chlorhexidine is the most widely used and investigated method of chemical plaque control. Many studies have demonstrated that it will successfully control plaque. No toxic side effects have been reported from its long‐term use but local side effects such as staining of the teeth do occur. The quaternary ammonium compounds have at present no advantages over the biguanides and require more frequent usage to achieve the same degree of plaque control as chlorhexid

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The influence of chlorhexidine rinsing on wound healing was studied using standardized, open mucosal‐osseous wounds in the left side of the palate in Wistar rats. In five test groups, each containing 10 rats, rinsing was performed twice daily for 30 sec with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 % chlorhexidine solution, chlorhexidine solution vehicle, and Ringer solution. A sixth test group (control) was not rinsed at all. Seven days postoperatively, wound healing was evaluated clinically (size of the defect) and histomorphometrically (percent composition of mature connective tissue, immature connective tissue, granulation tissue, fibrin with granulocytic infiltrate). Clinically it was clear that wound healing was best in those animals that rinsed with Ringer solution, and worst in those that rinsed with 0.5 % chlorhexidine solution. Increasing concentration of chlorhexidine caused a delay in wound healing, which in the following cases resulted in significant differences: rinsing with Ringer solution and vehicle versus all concentrations of chlorhexidine, no rinsing versus 0.5 % chlorhexidine. Intensive rinsing with high concentrations of chlorhexidine may, after oral surgical operations, especially surgery in which bone is. exposed, result in delay and disturbance of wound healing in human

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This study was designed to clarify the relationship between amalgam restorations with subgingival overhanging margins and gingival health. This required the presence of such a restoration defect as the sole variable parameter. This was achieved by pairing 26 defective premolar and molar amalgams with similarly defective restorations in the same mouths, test and control being allocated randomly. Test amalgams were contoured to remove overhangs. All other procedures, namely, scaling, polishing and oral hygiene instruction were applied with equal emphasis. Plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation and pocket depths were recorded at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. At the baseline (week 0) there were no significant differences between test and control sides for any of the parameters. Significant differences between test and control sides for all parameters were apparent at all other times.The greatest change took place during the first 4 weeks of the study. It was concluded that the presence of a subgingival overhanging defective margin may bethe only important clinically significant feature of an amalgam restorationrelated to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. It was also demonstrated that correction of defective restorations should be effected during the initial phase of periodontal therapy.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The present investigation was performed to assess the effect of selective antibiotic therapy on developing plaque and gingivitis in dogs, which at the start of the study had normal gingiva. Fifteen beagle dogs were used. Throughout the entire observation period the animals were fed a diet which favored plaque accumulation. A baseline examination involved assessments of plaque, gingivitis and gingival exudate. The subgingival bacterial flora was assessed by dark‐field microscopy. Subsequently the teeth of the right jaws were allowed to accumulate plaque. A careful tooth‐cleaning program was maintained in the left jaws. Plaque and gingivitis assessments were repeated and subgingival plaque sampled in the right jaws after 14 and 28 days. On experimental day 28 the second part of the study was initiated. The dogs were randomly distributed into three groups of five animals each. A new baseline examination was performed in the left jaws, after which all tooth cleanings were terminated. During the subsequent 28 days each group of dogs was treated with one of three antimicrobial compounds (vancomycin, metronidazole or clindamycin). Examinations were repeated after 14 and 28 days.The results demonstrated that systemic administration of antimicrobial substances can reduce the rate of plaque formation, change the composition of the developing subgingival microbiota and prevent (or retard) the onset of gingivitis. A comparison of the ability of the three compounds to prevent the formation of a “gingivitis‐inducing” plaque revealed that metronidazole and clindamycin were markedly more effective than vancomycin. In fact, in dogs receiving metronidazole and clindamycin treatment, the initiation of gingivitis was almost entirely prevented during the 28 days of

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The purpose of this investigation was to determine histologically the depth of probe tip penetration into the clinically healthy gingival sulcus of humans using a controlled insertion pressure of 25 g. The midfacial gingival units of 22 maxillary and mandibular incisor, canine and premolar teeth, displaying no visual signs of inflammation, were used for probing determinations. An electronic pressure‐sensitive probe, with a terminal probe tip diameter of 0.35 mm, was used to standardize insertion pressures. After insertion of the probe into the sulcus, it was then aligned on the facial surface of the gingiva with the tip corresponding to the depth and location of probe insertion. A horizontal reference incision was made on the facial gingival surface which corresponded to the depth of the sulcus probed. This incision served as a histologic landmark of probe tip penetration. Gingival biopsies were taken, and step‐serial sections analyzed histologically and histometrically. Probe tip penetration was coronal to the apical end of the junctional epithelium in all cases (mean = 0.25 mm). In addition, probe tip penetration was always apical to the coronal end of the junctional epithelium (mean = 0.70

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This study was undertaken to determine whether the suspected periodontopathogensBacteroides melaninogenicusssmelaninogenicusandintermediusandBacteroides asaccharolyticusare killed by clinically used topical fluorides. The viability of each organism was examined after exposure to three fluoride compounds, stannous (SnF2), acidulated phosphate (APF), and neutral sodium (NaF), for 1 and 8 h. Stannous fluoride was found to be effective at lowest fluoride concentrations with APF next in effectiveness. NaF required the highest concentrations of fluoride to kill test organisms. Longer exposure times were found to be more effective at lower concentrations. Data obtained in this study with gram‐negative organisms support and extend previous information regarding the antibacterial effect of fluorides against gram‐positive periodontopathog

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Data collected as part of an 8–year longitudinal study on periodontal therapy involving 82 patients and 1974 teeth were analyzed to determine if tooth mobility influenced the results of treatment.For each patient, pocket depth, attachment level and tooth mobility were scored clinically at the initial appointment, and once a year for 8 years following periodontal therapy. The treatment consisted of scaling, oral hygiene instruction, occlusal adjustment, periodontal surgery (curettage, modified Widman or pocket elimination), followed by recall prophylaxes every 3 months. Tooth mobility data on a scale of 0–3 were related to changes in attachment levels for three grades of severity of periodontal disease, based on initial pocket depth (1–3 mm, 4–6 mm, and 7+ mm). Mean patient attachment changes were calculated from teeth in the same severity category for each patient. The data were analyzed by one‐way analysis of variance and Scheffe's multiple comparison procedure to test the hypothesis of equal effects of tooth mobility on the results of the treatment for the three severity groups over 8 years.The results indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between original tooth mobility and the change in level of attachment following treatment. Pockets of clinically mobile teeth do not respond as well to periodontal treatment as do those of firm teeth exhibiting the same initial disease

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Tooth mobility at loads between 20 p and 80 p was studied in maxillary incisors and canines in eight subjects with moderate periodontal disease. The periodontal conditions of the investigated teeth exhibited clinical criteria of gingival inflammation and a moderate loss of attachment. None of the subjects showed subjective or clinical signs of occlusal disturbances. In all, 35 teeth were investigated over the 12‐week period following periodontal hygiene treatment, including oral hygiene instructions and removal of supra‐ and subgingival plaque and calculus.During the course of the investigation, a gradual decrease of tooth mobility was observed amounting to a tooth mobility decrease of 65 % (using the corrective formula described by Mühlemann 1960) at 50 p load.Tooth mobility curves within the 20–80 p loading area were transformed to lines of regression (Persson&Svensson 1980). Analyses of the lines showed significantly lower tooth mobility values 12 weeks after start of tre

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The amount of plaque accumulation was assessed in an intraindividual study comprising 10 individuals. During different 2‐week periods, the test subjects used nylon floss (unwaxed, waxed and specially treated), silk floss (unwaxed and waxed), Superfloss®, or triangular toothpicks for interdental tooth cleaning. Only teeth in contact with neighboring ones and with open interdental spaces were included in the study. The plaque removal of the interdental aids used was registered by estimating the amount of plaque present at the end of each experimental period according to a Plaque Index (Silness&Löe 1964) modified for plaque registration on 10 surface units around each tooth. In general, dental floss had a higher plaque removing potential than triangular toothpicks, especially on lingual axial surfa

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The present study was performed to examine the alterations of the position of the marginal soft tissue (“gingival margin”) on the buccal surface of teeth in patients who following periodontal surgery were enrolled in a supervised maintenance care program for 10–11 years. The material consisted of 43 patients with severe destruction of the periodontal tissues. Following initial treatment comprising scaling, root planing and instructions in plaque control measures, deepened periodontal pockets were eliminated by the use of an apically repositioned flap procedure including osseous surgery to eliminate bony defects. After treatment, the patients were recalled once every 3–6 months for maintenance care. In all patients, the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the gingival margin on the buccal surfaces of all treated teeth was assessed (1) prior to surgery, (2) after initial healing, and (3) at a reexamination 10–11 years after treatment. In addition, the presence or absence of keratinized gingiva was determine (The results showed that (1) during active periodontal treatment the position of the gingival margin was shifted in an apical direction, (2) this displacement was to some extent compensated for by a coronal regrowth during the postoperative maintenance care period, (3) the alterations of the position of the gingival margin followed a. similar pattern in areas with and without a zone of keratinized gingiva, (4) the number of gingival units devoid of keratinized gingiva decreased during the maintenance car

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb02159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY