摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the prevalence of alveolar bone loss (ABL) in 5‐year‐old New Zealand children. The relationship of bone loss with the prevalence of caries, socio‐economic status and ethnic origin was examined. Standardized bite‐wing radiographs from 317 children were used to examine the alveolar bone in 1784 sites. Questionable bone loss (QBL) was evident in 8.5% of the children and definite bone loss (DBL) in 2.1%. The children with suitable radiographs had a mean dmft of 1.8. ± 2.9. and mean dmfs of 2.7. ± 5.0. When the children were divided into 3 groups having no bone loss (NBL), QBL only or DBL, analysis of variance on the logarithmic transformation of both the dmft and dmfs scores showed significant differences among the groups. Post hoc tests showed that the means for the DBL group were significantly different from those of the other 2 groups for both dmft and dmfs scores. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratio for having definite alveolar bone loss was slightly increased in children with a d

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to document the furcation entrance dimensions (FEDs) of the maxillary and mandibular 1st and 2nd molars and relate them to the choice of periodontal therapy. Study samples consisted of 89 maxillary molars (49 1st and 40 2nd molars) and 93 mandibular molars (50 1st and 43 2nd molars). All the FEDs of the molars were examined and measured under a stereomicroscope at 2.5 × equipped with a Bioscan OPTIMAS Image Analyzer (BOIA). The results may be summarized as follows. (1) The mean FEDs in the buccal, distal and mesial furcations of maxillary 1 st and 2nd molars were 0.74 mm, 0.99 mm and 1.04 mm in the 1st molars, and 0.63 mm, 0.67 mm, 0.90 mm in the 2nd molars, respectively. In the buccal and lingual furcations of mandibular 1st and 2nd molars, they measured 0.88 mm and 0.81 mm, and 0.73 mm and 0.71 mm, respectively. (2) The %s of FEDs of 0.56 mm or less (the tip width of a Cavitron tip being 0.56 mm) in the buccal, distal and mesial furcations of maxillary 1st and 2nd molars, accounted for 32%, 8% and 6% of 1st molars, and 40%, 40% and 18% of 2nd molars. In the buccal and lingual areas of mandibular 1st and 2nd molars, they accounted for 16% and 26%, and 35% and 33% of the furcations, respectively. (3) The %s of FEDs of 0.75 mm or less (the width of curettes being 0.75–1.0 mm) in the buccal, mesial and distal furcations of maxillary 1st and 2nd molars accounted for 57%, 18% and 43% of 1st molar furcations, and 83%, 43% and 65% of 2nd molar furcations, respectively. In the buccal and lingual areas of mandibular 1st and 2nd molars, they accounted for 36% and 52%, and 63% and 61% of the furcations, respectively. (4) The majority of mean FEDs in 2nd molars were less than the blade width of new Gracey curettes, whereas in 1st molars they were similar to the blade width of unused Gracey curettes. (5) Most mean FEDs in 1st and 2nd molars were greater than the width of unused Cavitron tips. (6) To achieve complete debridement of root surfaces within furcations, an appropriate selection and combination of Cavitron tips and periodontal curettes should be consider

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present experiment was to study alterations in the mobility of teeth that occurred during resolution of experimentally induced periodontitis lesions in the dog. 5, 1‐year‐old, beagle dogs were used in the study. The left and right 4th, 3rd, and 2nd mandibular premolars (4P4,3P3,2P2) served as experimental teeth. Periodontal tissue breakdown was initiated by placing plaque‐collecting cotton‐floss ligatures around the neck of the experimental teeth. The ligatures were replaced to the level of the receding gingival margin 1 × every month. On Day 120, the ligatures were removed and debridement was performed. A groove, parallel to the long axis of the mesial root, was prepared in the mesio‐buccal surface of the crowns of2P and P2. Guided by the groove and with a probing force of 0.5 N, a probe was inserted into the buccal gingival pocket of themesialroot and was attached to the buccal surface. Biopsies including both the mesial and distal root of2P and P2and the surrounding hard and soft tissues were harvested. The biopsy procedure was repeated in a similar manner 15 days (i.e. Day 135) and 3 months (i.e. Day 225) after ligature removal in the 4th (4P4) and 3rd (3P3) premolar regions. After fixation, decalcification and sectioning, the biopsy material was exposed to histometric and morphometric measurements. Assessment of the mobility of the experimental teeth was performed on Days 120, 135 and 225 using the Periotest system. The amount of remaining bone at the experimental teeth was evaluated in radiographs obtained in a standardized manner. The findings of the present experiment disclosed that in dogs allowed to form plaque, the placement of cotton‐floss ligatures at the neck of mandibular premolars initiated a process that resulted in (i) the formation of an inflammatory lesion which extended deep into the supracrestal connective tissue; (ii) extensive loss of alveolar bone; (iii) markedly increased tooth mobility. It was also observed that, within a 4‐month period the removal of the ligature and, as a consequence, a substantial portion of the subgingival microbiota, reduced the size and the apical extension of the inflammatory lesion in the supracrestal connective tissue. The alterations in the soft supracrestal tissue were accompanied by a marked decrease in the mobility of the experimental teeth and a reduced probing pocket depth. It was suggested that the reduced penetration of the probe was the result of the change in the size and position of the infiltrate as well as of a reduced mobility of the expe

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe proposed homeostasis between fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament and bone cells lining the inner aspect of the alveolar wall is thought to be responsible for maintaining the width of the periodontal ligament space. In the present study, we attempted to interfere with this cellular balance by systemic administration of 1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1, 1‐bisphosphonate (HEBP). The maxillary left molars of mice were extracted. They then received a daily subcutaneous injection of HEBP (10 mg P/kg b.w.) for periods of 10, 30 or 50 days. A 2nd group of animals received HEBP without molar extraction. Control groups were injected with Ringer's solution. The animals were sacrificed after the last injection and the mandibles processed for light and electron microscopy. HEBP treatment caused a significant decrease of the width of the periodontal ligament space which was influenced by time. Ankylosis started to occur after 30 days, predominantly in the interradicular areas and was more common around unopposed teeth. At 50 days, signs of resorption were seen along the acellular cementum layer. During HEBP‐administration, extensive deposition of newly formed cementum matrix was observed along the cellular cementum but this activity was not seen along the acellular cementum. It is concluded that HEBP interferes with the mechanisms that mediate preservation of the periodontal ligamen

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has recently been shown that administration of the drug 1‐hydroxy‐ethylidene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate (HEBP) perturbs the homeostasis in the periodontal ligament resulting in an osteoid‐mediated ankylosis between the alveolar wall and the root surface. In the present study, the events after discontinuing HEBP administration were investigated and the effect of function on repair of the periodontal ligament was evaluated. In mice, the maxillary left molars were extracted. They then received a daily subcutaneous injection of HEBP (10 mg P/kg b.w.) for a period of 50 days, were killed 24 h, 14, 28, 56 and 112 days after the last injection and their mandibles processed for light microscopy. HEBP administration caused a significant decrease of the width of the periodontal ligament space with localized ankylosis. In the period after discontinuing HEBP treatment, the newly‐formed bone did first mineralize and was then partly resorbed resulting in the disappearance of the ankylotic areas. Furthermore, root resorption was seen. Finally, the periodontal ligament regained its normal architecture and width and a new layer of cementum was formed. Functional teeth showed more root resorption than hypofunctional ones and a more rapid repair of the periodontal ligament. It is concluded that in the period after HEBP treatment the periodontal ligament regains its normal width by a repair process including extensive root resorption, that seems to accelerate t

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation was designed to assess the effects of strips made of different materials on the recovery of enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) (Experiment 1), and to examine a possible relationship between lysosomal enzyme activities and number of crevicular polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, GCF was collected with capillaries from 14 patients with periodontal disease, and applied on various test strips in microcentrifuge tubes or directly into tubes (controls). Strips were then shaken and centrifuged to elute GCF enzymes. The supernate was used for determinations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), β‐glucuronidase (BG) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. The % recoveries were calculated as relative percentages to controls. When using saline as eluent, 90% or more ALP, BG and AST were found to be recovered from strips of durapore and papers. More than 35% of ALP and BG was found to remain on paper points. However, the % recoveries from paper points were improved using eluent with 0.1% (w/v) cetyl pyridinium chloride. In Experiment 2, 54 GCF samples were collected from 3 periodontitis patients by using durapore strips, in order to measure both PMN numbers and BG activities in the same samples. The 2 parameters showed strong and positive correlation with 0.847 (p<0.001) of the Pearson's correlation coefficient. These findings suggest that durapore is a useful material not only for counting PMNs but also for measuring activities of GCF enzymes. Elevation of BG activities in GCF can be due to increasing numbers of PM

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the prevalence of selected periodontal pathogens on the oral mucous membranes before and after full‐mouth tooth extractions in patients with severe periodontitis. 8 patients were microbiologically examined 2 × before and 2 × after extraction; several locations on the oral mucous membranes, saliva, supra‐ and subgingival plaque, were sampled. Besides their presence in subgingival plaque, we detected before extraction on the mucous membranesActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansin 2 patients (mean 0.03%),Porphyromonas gingivalisin 6 patients (mean 9%), andPrevotella intermedia(mean 2%) and otherPrevotellaspecies (mean 7%) in all patients. At 1 and 3 months after extraction,A. actinomycetemcomitansandP. gingivaliscould not be detected in any of these patients on the oral mucous membranes and in saliva, while from all patients stillP. intermedia(mean 3%) and the other blackpigmentedPrevotellaspecies (mean 4%) could be isolated. These results indicate that the preferable habitat forA. actinomycetemcomitansandP. gingivalisis dental plaque in subgingival lesions.P. intermediaand the other blackpigmentedPrevotellaspecies can colonize the oral mucous membranes of edentulous patients irrespective of the presence of a subgingival microflora. We speculate that in periodontal patients the colonization of mucous membranes withP. gingivalisandA. actinomycetemcomitansis transient in nature and most likely the result of dissemination from the subgingival microflora. Thus it seems unlikely that edentulous patients constitute a reservoir of infection ofP. gingivalis A. actinomycetemcom

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present investigation was to monitor de novo plaque formation and associated alterations of the gingival conditions in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition in man. 31 volunteers, divided into 3 study groups participated in the trial. Group 1 was made up of 11 subjects, 4–6 years of age (deciduous dentition), group 2 comprised of 10 subjects, 8–9 years of age (mixed dentition) and group 3 included 10 subjects, 14–16 years of age (permanent dentition). After a screening examination, each participant received detailed instruction in a proper oral hygiene technique and was subjected to professional tooth cleaning. The professional debridement and the oral hygiene instruction were repeated after 1 week. After another week, a given day was termed Day 0 and a baseline examination was performed. This examination included assessments of plaque and gingivitis. Each subject received an additional, comprehensive professional tooth cleaning and was asked to abstain from all mechanical oral hygiene measures. Re‐examinations were performed after 3 and 7 days. The findings demonstrated that: (i) during a 7‐day period of no active oral hygiene, subjects with a mixed or a permanent dentition formed visible amounts of plaque and developed modest signs of gingivitis; (ii) during the 7 days of the trial, young subjects with a fully erupted deciduous dentition formed less plaque than the older subjects, and failed to respond to de novo plaque formation with enhanced signs of gingivitis; (iii) in subjects with a mixed dentition, the amount of plaque formed during the 7 days of experiment and the matching gingivitis development were similar in the deciduous and permanent tooth segments of the

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHost responses to periodontal infections include the production of several families of enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells. Study of these enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid may lead to insights into pathogenesis and may provide a rational basis for the development of novel diagnostic tests. However, analogous to other diagnostic interventions in dentistry and medicine, validation of host enzymes as diagnostic indicators is dependent on clear‐cut demonstrations of the identity of the enzyme, reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility. The enzyme of interest should be readily measured over a broad range of disease severity and in varied clinical settings. Ideally, the enzyme should also be an essential component of proposed pathogenic mechanisms. In this context, the connective tissue matrix degrading enzymes elastase, collagenase and gelatinase are promising because of their apparently central role in periodontal attachment loss and disease progression. Sensitive and specific assays are also available to quantify these enzymes. Other work on enzymes associated with cell death (aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase) and several neutrophil lysosomal enzymes (beta glucuronidase, arylsulphatase, cathepsins) has demonstrated positive associations between enzyme levels and attachment loss and inflammation. While numerous cross‐sectional studies have indicated that the levels of hydrolytic enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid parallel the severity of periodontal lesions, there are much less data on reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility in longitudinal studies. As appropriate study design is an essential prerequisite for establishing the efficacy of host enzymes as diagnostic tests, future clinical investigations should include: (1) individuals who would most likely benefit by early diagnosis, i.e., rapidly progressive and recurrent periodontitis cases; (2) longitudinal, cohort study designs to show that attachment loss is temporally linked with large increases in enzyme activity; (3) the use of a battery of tests to overcome intrinsic problems of low predictive values when prevalence of active disease is low. In the final analysis, the utility of host enzymes as diagnostic indicators will need to be examined in randomized controlled trials in which the question is asked: are patients better off as a result of test

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to experimentally evaluate marginal and periapical healing in extracted and subsequently replanted teeth following extraoral cementing of apically exposed titanium root screws in the root canal. In 5 out of 6 replanted teeth, the periodontal tissues had healed with a normal periodontal membrane or healed surface resorptions indicating that only minor trauma had been inflicted during the extraoral procedure. In 3 out of 6 teeth, total or partial osseoeintegration of the titanium screws was seen, while a connective tissue capsule had formed around the remaining 3 screws. It was concluded that both of the healing results described in the present study, osseointegration and connective capsule formation, may be regarded as acceptable as long as inflammation is prevented, although it remains to be shown which one represents the end‐poin

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY