摘要:

AbstractThe furcation problem was studied in adental autopsymaterial, i.e. extracted teeth were examined under the stereomicroscope. The folowing conclusions were reached: extraction. Plaque and Gingival Indices, degree of mobility, and other pertinent clinical data were recorded. A landmark was made on the tooth surface at the gingival margin so as to localize the margin during the examination of the extracted tooth. Immediately following the extraction, loosely attached soft tissue between the roots and in the area of the junctional epithelium were removed; any blood was washed away. The tooth was kept in a 1 % solution of Water Blue for 10 min, rinsed in running water, and air‐dried. The teeth were examined under the stereomicroscope. The following conclusions were reached:Subgingival plaque is common, even in the absence of supragingival plaque, among patients who have started efficient supragingival plaque control but after subgingival plaque has been formed.Efficient supragingival plaque control may remove subgingival plaque as far as 2.5 mm below the gingival margin.Subgingival plaque, in the absence of supragingival plaque, is only occasionally associated with a marginal gingivitis. Subgingival plaque, in the absence of supragingival plaque, causes a clinically undetectablesubmarginal gingivitiswhich leads to destruction of the attachment apparatus and eventually to furcation involvement. Loss of attachment, whether it takes place on the outer surfaces or in the furcations, is strongly correlated with subgingival plaque and submarginal gingivitis. There is no correlation between visible supragingival plaque and loss of attachment in the furcations, nor is there any association betweensubingival plaque in the furcations and marginal gingivitis. The conventional Plaque and Gingival Indices do not reflect the actual conditions in advanced destructive periodontal disease, including furcation involvement. Subgingival plaque control is likely to be incomplete on the outer surfaces and is a total failure in the furcations. In established furcation involvement more attachment is likely to be lost between the roots than on the outer surfaces.An early diagnosis is essential for successful management of the furcation problem. But it is extremely difficult to make a correct diagnosis because so many of the clinical criteria are misleading and because pain often precludes the probing which is necessary to establish the extent of the lesion.Root resection can be given a logical place in the overall plaque control rationale; but the indication for this treatment is strongly dependent on the anatomy of the tooth, the age of the patient and his predisposition to destructive periodontal disease.The prognosis of root resection depends on successful endodontic treatment as well as total plaque control.Increased mobility is a very late symptom in the development of the furcation involvement and is not involved in its etiolog

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present experiment was to study whether new connective tissue attachment can occur to root surfaces which have been exposed to the oral environment and subsequently implanted into bone tissue. Twelve teeth in three beagle dogs were subjected to progressive periodontal breakdown to half the root length by placing cotton floss ligatures around the neck of the teeth. Following crown resection and root hemisection, the teeth were root filled and the roots thoroughly scaled and planed. Each root was extracted and implanted into bone cavities prepared in edentolous areas of the jaws in such a way that epithelial migration into the wound and bacterial infection were prevented during healing. Root implantation and sacrifice of the animals were scheduled to allow for observation periods of 1, 2 and 3 months. The results demonstrated that new connective tissue attachment did not occur to root surfaces which had been exposed to the oral environment, but healing was characterized by repair phenomena, i. e. mainly root resorption and ankylosis. In those areas of the roots where periodontal ligament tissue was preserved following tooth extraction, a functionally oriented attachment apparatus was reformed. The results indicate that in addition to apical migration of junctional epithelium and regrowth of subgingival plaque, the type of cells which repopulate the wound area may jeopardize new connective tissue attachment.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPossible dissimilarities between smokers and nonsmokers regarding oral hygiene, gingivitis, periodontal pocketing and alveolar bone loss were studied in a sample of 134 army conscripts. Compared to nonsmokers, smokers had a higher plaque index and greater severity of gingivitis, while no differences were found concerning pocket depth and bone loss.It could be demonstrated that the difference regarding gingivitis disappeared when a check was made for plaque values. It still remains to be explained why plaque deposition is more pronounced in smokers.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this radiographic investigation was to compare the approximal bone height adjacent to class II amalgam restorations with and without overhangs to the bone height adjacent to homologue intact tooth surfaces, and to determine the possible effect of age and sex on the relative amount of such bone resorption. The x‐rays of 43 persons aged 27–45 years and 42 persons aged 46–64 years were examined. In the total material the average amount of bone loss increased with age and was 0.34 mm greater in men than in women. About 50 % of all posterior tooth restorations had an overhang. A comparison between the mean heights of approximal bone adjacent to sufaces with an overhang and homologue intact surfaces showed a statistically significant difference. When equal comparisons were made separately in the younger and the older age groups, only the older group showed a similar difference at a statistically almost significant level. The effect of overhanging restorations thus seemed to be accentuated with age. When men and women were studied separately, only men showed statistically significant differences between the age groups. The investigation confirms earlier results that overhanging posterior restorations are associated with excessive marginal approximal bone

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo intraindividual studies were performed on 35 persons treated for periodontal disease to investigate the plaque preventing effect of five different types of triangular toothpicks: Stim‐U‐Dent® (Balsa), Jordan® (Birch), Te‐Pe® (Lime), Sanodent® (Birch) and Alfa® (a polymeric one) and four toothpicks of which three were wooden of the same shape and one was polymeric with a similar shape: Birch, Lime, Limba (Jordan A/S), and polymer (Fixident). Only teeth in contact with neighboring ones and with open interdental spaces were included in the study. The plaque‐removing ability of the toothpicks was registered by estimating the amount of plaque accumulation at the end of each experimental period (2 weeks) according to a Plaque Index (Silness&Löe 1964) modified for plaque registration on 10 surfaces around each tooth.In a laboratory study, relevant properties of the toothpick material (modulous of elasticity, surface roughness, water absorbing capacity, surface hardness) were investigated and compared to the plaque preventing effect of the different triangular toothpicks.Using a questionnaire, the test person's opinions on the surfaces, sizes, forms and rigidities of the toothpicks also were examined.Minor differences were observed between the plaque‐removing ability of the different triangular toothpicks. No clear relations were observed between any of the properties of the toothpick materials, however, the surface hardness as well as the strength values of the toothpick materials seemed to be of importance.The conclusions of the present studies are that the plaque‐removing ability of a toothpick seems to be more dependent on the shape of the toothpick than on existing minor differences among the materials used for their manufacturing. Low surface hardness and high strength values seem to be of importance for int

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of initial treatment on 1) probing force related to probing depth, 2) the attachment level, 3) the position of the gingival margin and 4) the clinical signs of color and change of contour of the gingiva in relation to the bleeding tendency of a pocket. It also addresses the question of whether, in deep inflamed periodontal pockets, the tip of the probe is located at the attachment level when a probing force of 0.75N is used, as has already been shown in pockets related to noninflamed gingival margins. Four different probing forces are used: 0.15N, 0.25N, 0.50N and 0.75N and results show an increasing probing depth with an increasing probing force, both before and after treatment. Initial treatment results in a decrease of mean probing depth but the change is dependent on the applied probing force. The mean probing depth reduction decreased from 1.71 mm (assessed with 0.15N) to 1.24 mm (assessed with 0.75N). Since results from this and a previous study indicate that both before and after treatment the tip of the probe is located at the attachment level when a probing force of 0.75N is used, it may be postulated that the reduction of mean probe‐tip level measurements (= probing depth measurement from a fixed point) reflects a degree of connective tissue reattachment. Patients in the initial treatment study were selected on the basis of obvious redness and swelling of the gingiva. After treatment, both of these symptoms almost disappear, whereas the Periodontal Pocket Bleeding Index (P. P. B. I.) decreases only from 0.87 before treatment, to 0.45 after treatmen

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe common prescription of disclosing agents for home use assumes a relationship between visual feedback from stained plaque and subsequent oral hygiene behaviour. A study of double crossover design showed that there was no significant difference in the improvement in plaque control between the group which received only individual oral hygiene education and another group which had the same oral hygiene education supplemented by the home use of a disclosing agent for 2 weeks. On receiving oral hygiene reinforcement and discontinuing use of the disclosing agent, there was a further significant improvement in plaque control after another 2 weeks. This again suggests that visual feedback from the disclosing agent did not play a critical role in patient motivation. It appears that oral hygiene education is still fundamental to the whole concept of prevention. The prescription of a disclosing agent for home use should not be considered mandatory. Thorough and repeated oral hygiene education seems to be the most important feature in patient motivation.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study describes an experimental approach for inducing bruxism and trauma from occlusion in animals. Gold occlusal cap splints overlaying the maxillary pre‐molar and molar teeth were inserted in eightMacaca irusmonkeys. The cap splints were designed to raise the vertical dimension of occlusion by 3–4 mm and were adjusted to a balanced occlusion with the mandible in an unstrained retruded position. The splint on the right side (test side) was given a tight occlusion with the opposing mandibular teeth, whereas the splint on the left side (reference side) had only small occlusal contact areas. Before insertion of the splints, the monkeys had slight gingivitis but no alveolar bone loss. The cap splints were in situ for 4 weeks. During this period the monkeys showed distinct signs of bruxism. The mandibular teeth on the test side showed increased mobility and there was radiographic evidence of breakdown of marginal and interradicular alveolar bone. Mean GI increased significantly on the test side and in two animals gingival abscesses developed. Deep intrabony pockets persisted adjacent to these teeth. Only slight gingival and radio‐graphic changes were seen adjacent to the teeth on the control side. From the present experimental study there was no overall clinical or histological evidence that bruxism had caused a progression of gingivitis to destructive, chronic marginal periodon

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1980.tb01959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY