摘要:

Abstract45 subjects participated in a double‐blind cross‐over mouthwash study where a new tablet‐form combination of chlorhexidine, fluoride and xylitol (XYLIHEX) was studied together with solutions of chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium fluoride (NaF). The preparation XYLIHEX was developed as a dental chemotherapeutic that could easily be added to the soldiers' kit to be used under circumstances where practising normal oral hygiene habits is restricted. For comparative purposes, XYLIHEX was prediluted in this study to make a solution. Before starting, professional prophylaxis was given to the subjects to bring their gingivitis index scores as close to 0 as possible. The subjects refrained from mechanical tooth cleaning for three 7‐day test periods. Plaque wet weight and periodontal index scores were recorded before and after the test periods. The results showed that the preparations XYLIHEX and CHX did not statistically differ from each other in reducing plaque wet weight values and the recorded periodontal index scores. Both these preparations were statistically highly significantly more effective antiplaque agents than NaF, as e

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral statistical models that have been suggested in the periodontal literature for describing longitudinal attachment level changes, such as the gradual loss, single‐burst, multiple‐burst, and random walk models as well as other models introduced in this paper are compared by their power to predict future attachment loss. The data used in this analysis is from 1061 sites of 8 subjects, with moderate to severe periodontal disease, monitored monthly for about a year. This study found that none of the suggested models could significantly outperform the naive mean predictor, which predicts the future attachment level from the past mean. It was also found that no single model, such as the burst, gradual, or random walk, together with measurement error can fully explain the variation in the data. These results indicate that in the course of one year, the attachment level change may not follow the same model. Consequently, a model that fits well to past data cannot be accurately extended to the fut

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation examined the distribution of 14 subgingival species at a total of 2299 sites in 90 subjects with different levels of periodontal destruction. Subgingival plaque samples taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth were anaerobically dispersed, diluted and plated on non selective media, After anaerobic incubation, colonies were lifted to nylon filters and specific species detected using digoxygenin‐labeled whole chromosomal DNA probes. The mean total viable count for all sites in all subjects was 8.3 × 106. The probes accounted for an average of 27.8% of the total, viable count. The % of subjects in which each species was detected was as follows;V. parvula, 98;B. intermediusI, 98;S. sanguisII, 96;B. intermediusII, 95:C. ochracea.94:B. gingivalis.91;S. sanguisI, 85;W. recta, 83;F. nucleatumss.vincentii, 82;S. intermedius, 80;B. forsythus, 76;P. micros.74;A. actinomycetemcomitansserotype a. 62 andA. actinomycetemcomitcinsserotype b, 52. The % of sites colonized by each of the 14 test species varied considerably within different subjects. The median number of sites colonized by different species ranged from 3.6% forA. actinomvcetemcomitanaserotype b to 43.5% forV. parvula.In half the subjects, the mean % of the total viable counts for each of the test species was60% similarity (Bray‐Curtis coefficient) but 21 subjects failed to fit any of the groups. The latter subjects were characterized by low numbers of the test species and were older exhibiting widespread disease and reces

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine the reliability of several selected signs of trauma from occlusion and their relations with severity of periodontitis. 32 moderate to advanced chronic: periodontitis patients participated in the study, All teeth present were evaluated for various abnormal occlusal contacts, signs of trauma from occlusion, and the severity of periodontitis, Standardized periapical radiographs were also taken for each tooth, The results demonstrated that: (1) no significant difference occurred in probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), or percentage of alveolar bone height (BH) between teeth with and without various abnormal occlusal contacts, i.e., premature contacts in centric relation occlusion, non‐working contacts in lateral excursions, premature contacts of anterior teeth or posterior protrusive tooth contacts: (2) teeth with either significant mobility, functional mobility, or radiographically widened periodontal ligament space (PDLS) had deeper PD. more AL and lower BH than teeth without these signs, while teeth with pronounced wear or radiographically thickened lamina dura had less AL than teeth without these findings: (3) 2 combined indices, i.e., the trauma from occlusion index (TOI) and the adaptability index (AI), were proposed for the identification of occlusal trauma and the response of periodontium to excessive biting forces in heavy function, respectively: TOI‐positive teeth exhibit deeper PD, more AL and less osseous support than TOJ‐negative teeth: however, AI‐positive teeth had less AL and more osseous support than Al‐negative teeth; (4) with identical attachment levels, TOI‐positive teeth had less osseous support than TOI‐negative teeth while the magnitude of difference became greater with an increase of at

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract3 acute phase proteins, from the local gingival inflammatory response, were examined for their ability to distinguish healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites. Indirect competitive immunoassays were developed for the quantification of α2‐macroglobulin (α2‐M) and transferrin (TF), and for α1‐antitrypsin (α1‐AT), a double antibody sandwich assay was produced. Healthy (25), gingivitis (31) and periodontitis (28) sites were sampled with filter paper strips (2×13 mm) and the volume assessed with the Periotron 6000. The samples were eluted in phosphate‐buffered saline and analyzed for α2‐M. α1‐AT and TF. The results were expressed as absolute amounts per sample (ng/30 s) and on a concentration basis (ng/μl of GCF). Higher GCF absolute amounts of α2‐M, α1‐AT and TF were consistently obtained from diseased (gingivitis and periodontitis) sites than healthy sites (p0.1). When the results were expressed on a concentration basis, α2‐M levels from diseased sites were significantly higher than healthy sites (p<0.01). In addition. GCF TF concentration was increased in periodontitis

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA considerable amount of circumstantial evidence indicates that most forms of periodontitis are due to the presence or dominance of a finite number of bacterial species in the subgingival plaque, Almost all of the putative pathogens are anaerobic species, indicating that most forms of periodontitis could be diagnosed as anaerobic infections, In this double‐blind investigation, patients with elevated proportions or levels of spirochetes in 2 or more plaque samples, i.e., 60% spirochetes. were randomly assigned to receive either metronidazole, 250 mg 3 × a day for 1 week, or placebo (positive‐control) after the completion of all debridement procedures, When the patients were re‐examined 4 to 6 weeks later, the patients in the metronidazole group (n= 15) exhibited a highly significant (p<0.01) reduction in probing depth and apparent gain in attachment levels relative to the patients (n= 18) in the positive‐control group about those teeth that initially had probing depths of 4 to 6 mm. This pattern was also observed about teeth that initially had probing depths 7 mm. This reduction in probing depths and apparent gain in attachment was associated with a significant reduction in the need for periodontal surgery in the metronidazole‐treated patients (difference 8.4 teeth per patient) compared to the positive‐control patients (2.6 teeth per patient). These clinical improvements in the metronidazole group were associated with significantly lower proportions of spirochctes, selenomonads, motile rods, andP. intermedius.and a significantly higher proportion of cocci in the plaques, These findings indicate that systemic metranidazole, when given after all the root surface debridement is completed, leads to additional treatment benefits, including a reduced need for surgery, beyond that which can be achieved by debri

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChewing sticks or Meswaks are used for teeth cleaning in many parts of the world, They contain substances that may reduce caries and periodontal disease, The present study consisted of 2 parts, In a short‐term experiment, volunteers chewed on an inert eliciting agent (pyrogen‐free rubber) and then a piece of Meswak, each for 5 min, For the medium‐term experiment, volunteers brushed with either Meswak or a conventional toothbrush 5 × a day for 2 weeks, Saliva produced immediately after chewing Meswak showed statistically significant increases in calcium and chloride, but decreases in phosphate and pH as compared with controls. In the medium‐term experiment, saliva samples collected 4 h after the last use of Meswak or toothbrush showed no significant differences in any of the components examined (calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, IgA, IgG, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase). Gingival and plaque indices, however, were significantly lower after brushing with Meswak, Salivary calcium promotes mineralization of tooth enamel and chloride inhibits calculus formation, Our results thus indicate that Meswak releases substances into saliva that could improve oral health, Calcium and chloride values were similar to those of controls after 4 h and thus frequent use of Meswak may be necessary to maintain a favorable salivary env

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present paper reports on the use of osseointegrated titanium fixtures (BrånemarkTM) in partially edentulous patients. The tissue reactions around 509 implants in 97 upper and 71 lower jaws of 146 consecutive patients, rehabilitated by means of partial bridges – supported by implants only (60%) or by the combination of teeth and implants (40%) – were observed longitudinally. The mean number of implants per bridge was 2.40 (range 1 5) for the upper jaw and 2.06 (range 1–5) for the lower jaw respectively. Before loading, a total of 23 fixtures were lost, 15 in the upper and 8 in the lower jaw. This loss could partially be correlated toper‐ andpost‐operative complications and to fixture characteristics (length, selftapping or not). After a loading time of 30 months (range 2 to 77 months). 6 implants, 2 in the upper and 4 in the lower jaw, showed symptoms of non‐integration. The cumulative failure rate for the individual fixtures after a 6‐year period reached 5.7 and 6.5% for the tipper and lower jaw, respectively. The mean annual marginal bone loss, scored on standardized radiographs, was 0.9 mm during the 1st year and 0.1 mm the following years. This loss in marginal bone height was equal in the upper and lower jaws and not related 10 the type of occlusal material of the bridges. The present data showed that the cumulative failure rate for BrånemarkTMimplants supporting partial bridges can be limited to 6% after a 6‐year period, and that the radiographic bone loss is comparable with that found around fixtures suppor

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of root planing and/or the placement of acrylic strips containing chlorhexidine, metronidazole or tetracycline on the composition and antimicrobial susceptibility of the subgingival flora in chronic periodontitis. 101 periodontal pockets from 73 patients were entered into 6 treatment groups which were, chlorhexidine, metronidazole or tetracycline strips, root planing, root planing followed by metronidazole strips and a control, no treatment group. Total anaerobic counts and anaerobe/aerobe ratios were estimated from samples taken before treatment and 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment, In addition, a more detailed analysis of the effects of the treatments on the subgingival flora was carried out on 12 pockets in 12 patients. Tetracycline strips, metronidazole strips and root planing and metronidazole strips were more effective than chlorhexidine strips in causing reductions in total anaerobic count and anaerobe/aerobe ratio. However, the changes in microbial parameters rebounded to approach baseline levels 4 weeks after treatment. Chlorhexidine caused no detectable changes in the composition of the subgingival microflora, white metronidazole had a variable effect. Tetracycline appeared to effect major shifts in the composition of the microflora of treated pockets but caused a marked selection of tetracycline‐resistant organism

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the experiment was to analyze the reaction of the marginal gingival tissues to 21 days of plaque Formation on buccal tooth surfaces in the deciduous and permanent dentition of beagle dogs. In order to enhance the formation of plaque, the buccal surfaces of the experimental teeth were coated with a composite filling material. 5 beagle dogs were used. The animals were monitored during 2 periods, called period A (42 days during the deciduous dentition) and period B (42 days during the permanent dentition). The dogs were 10 weeks old at the initiation of period A. Following 3 weeks of plaque control, a groove was prepared into the enamel of the buccal surfaces of the mandibular right 3rd (03P) and 2nd (02P) premolars, A cotton ligature was subsequently attached to the groove using an enamel/etch‐technique and a composite filling material. The groove and the ligature did not interfere with the gingival margin but the composite material extended into the subgingival niche. The plaque control measures were abandoned. The animals formed plaque during the following 21 days. A clinical examination was performed and subgingival bacteria sampled on day 21. Moreover, biopsies were harvested from the UP and WP tooth regions. The biopsies were prepared for histometric and morphometric analyses. A 2nd plaque control regimen was initiated. Period B started when the dogs were 15 months old. Following 3 weeks of enhanced plaque control, a cotton ligature was attached as described above at the buccal surfaces of the mandibular left 3rd (P3) and 4th (P4) premolars. The oral hygiene regimen was terminated and plaque allowed to accumulate. The clinical examination, bacterial sampling and biopsy were repeated after 21 days of plaque formation, It was observed that the height of the free marginal gingiva (hFG) was smaller in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition, The volume of the free gingival unit which was occupied by an infiltrated connective tissue (ICT) and the total portion of inflammatory cells residing in the dentogingival epithelium were similar in the 2 dentitions, In the apical 3rd of the dentogingival epithelium, the volume of leukocytes was significantly larger in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition, The proportion of plasma cells within the ICT was about 4–5 × larger in the permanent than in the deciduous dentition, Black‐pigmented Bacteroides occurred in 3 out of 5 dogs in the subgingival microbiota, representing 21 days of plaque formation in the deciduous dentition, whereas in the permanent dentition, black‐pigmented Bacteroides occurred in all andPorphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalisin 3 of th

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY