摘要:

AbstractClinical, radiographic and microbiological examination of periodontal conditions was carried out in 2 groups of married couples to assess similarities between husband and wife. The diseased probands (n=10) exhibited advanced periodontitis and the healthy ones (n=10) were periodontally normal. The clinical examination comprised the assessment of plaque, probing pocket depths, gingival bleeding on probing, suppuration, supragingival and subgingival calculus. The extent and type of alveolar bone loss was determined from panoramic radiographs. Bacterial samples were taken from the 6 deepest and most inflamed periodontal pockets and from stimulated saliva. The samples were cultured forActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus and Peptostreptococcus micros.The mean detection frequency of moderately deep pockets (4–5 mm) and deep pockets (6 mm) was significantly higher in the diseased probands than in their spouses. The mean detection frequency of moderately deep pockets was significantly higher in the spouses of the diseased probands than in the spouses of the healthy ones. Deep pockets were found in 6 spouses of the diseased probands, whereas only in 2 spouses of the healthy ones. Both diseased proband and his/her spouse harboredA. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, C. rectus and P. microsin 4, 6, 9, 9 and 4 couples, respectively. Both healthy proband and his/her spouse harbored the pathogens in 0, 1, 9. 5 and 3 couples, respectively.P. gingivaliswas found in 7 spouses of the diseased probands, but only in 2 spouses of the healthy ones. The results indicate that spouses of patients with advanced periodontitis may also exhibit frequent recovery of suspected periodontal pathogens and have a worse periodontal status than spouses of periodontally healthy subject

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe previously reported that low‐dose doxycycline (DOXY) therapy reduces host‐derived collagenase activity in gingival tissue of adult periodontitis (AP) patients. However, it was not clear whether this in vivo effect was direct or indirect. In the present study, inflamed human gingival tissue, obtained from AP patients during periodontal surgery, was extracted and the extracts partially purified by (NH4)2SO4precipitation. The extracts were then analyzed for collagenase activity using SDS‐PAGE/fluorography/laser densitometry, and for gelatinase activity using type I gelatin zymography as well as a new quantitative assay using biotinylated type I gelatin as substrate. DOXY was added to the incubation mixture at a final concentration of 0–1000 μM. The concentration of DOXY required to inhibit 50% of the gingival tissue collagenase (IC50) was found to be 16–18 μM in the presence or absence of 1.2 mM APMA (an optimal organomercurial activator of latent procollagenases); this IC50for DOXY was similar to that exhibited for collagenase or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of AP patients. Of interest,Porphyromonas gingivaliscollagenase was also inhibited by similar DOXY levels (IC50= 15 μM), however the collagenase activity observed in the gingival tissue extracts was found to be of mammalian not bacterial origin based on the production of the specific αA(3/4) and αB(1/4) collagen degradation fragments. In contrast, the inhibition of collagenase purified from culture media of human gingival fibroblasts (MMP‐1) required much greater DOXY levels (IC50=280 μM). The predominant molecular forms of gelatinolytic activity present in the AP patients gingival tissue extracts were found to closely correspond to the 92 kD PMN‐type gelatinase (MMP‐9) although small quantities of 72 kD fibroblast‐type gelatinase (MMP‐2), and some other low molecular weight gelatinases, were also detected. The IC50of DOXY versus gingival tissue gelatinolytic activity was estimated at 30–50 μM measured using either type I gelatin zymography or the biotinylated type I gelatin assay. We conclude that MMPs in inflamed gingival tissue of AP patients, like those in GCF, originate primarily from infiltrating PMNs rather than resident gingival cells (fibroblasts and epithelial cells) or monocyte/macrophages, and that their pathologically‐elevated tissue‐degrading activities can be directly inhibited by p

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the LFA‐1 (CD18/CD11a) and CR3 (CD18/CD11b) expression on peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PB‐PMN) and crevicular fluid polymorphonuclear leukocytes (CF‐PMN), by subjects with a healthy periodontium (n=1), gingivitis (n=8). early‐onset periodontitis (n=17) and adult periodontitis (n=8). Using flow cytometry analysis, the %s of CD18, CD11a and CD11b positive cells and the absolute numbers of fluorescent molecules were determined. No significant difference could be found among the 4 groups, for these 2 kinds of parameters, in PB‐PMN or CF‐PMN. However, a great difference could be noted between the results obtained from PB‐PMN and those obtained from CF‐PMN. The %s of positive CF‐PMN were significantly lower than those of PB‐PMN for the 3 sub‐units (p<0.001). The levels of CD18 and CD11b expressed by CF‐PMN were higher than those expressed by PB‐PMN and the difference was significant for CD11b (p<0.001). On the contrary, the level of CD11a expressed on CF‐PMN was significantly lower than that expressed by PB‐PMN (p<0.001). Hence, our current results show that early‐onset periodontitis PMN can be quite normal and this fact is not surprising insofar as, in our study, these cells were perfectly functional and all the subjects were in good health. We concluded that the analysis of the leukocyte adhesion receptors expression on PB‐PMN does not appear useful for helping to establish a differential diagnosis between the different forms of periodontitis. However, the pattern of expression study on CF‐PMN may permit a better comprehension of the local phenomena which are implicated in the defence of the periodontal

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study compared the periodontal status of a juvenile diabetic study group with that of a non‐diabetic control group similar in age and sex. The study group consisted of 26 type I diabetic patients with an average age of 13.42 years and 24 control subjects of similar age. The diabetic subjects were evaluated with glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) to obtain a measure of diabetic control. Clinical periodontal evaluations were performed for all teeth in each subject, and consisted of the plaque index, gingival fluid flow, gingival index, probing depths, clinical attachment levels, recession, and bleeding on probing. Analysis of the data demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the overall means for the 2 groups for average attachment loss, probing depths, recession, gingival index, plaque index, gingival fluid flow, or bleeding on probing. There was no significant association between the level of control of diabetes (GHb) and clinical variables. However, comparisons based on site‐specific measurements showed the gingival index to be somewhat higher among the diabetics (p=0.0002), and examination of interaction effect plots showed the diabetic group to have higher average gingival index for most teeth and higher or the same plaque index levels on all teeth relative to controls. Thus, a young study population with type 1 diabetes mellitus was found to have significantly increased severity of inflammatory gingival disease compared to controls of similar

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the presence of suspected periodontal pathogens in the peri‐implant microflora of osseointegrated implants exposed 3 and 6 months to the oral environment of patients previously treated for periodontal disease. Subgingival microbial samples were taken in the deepest residual pocket of each quadrant in 10 patients before placement of ITI implants and in 10 patients before abutment connection of Brånemark implants. The samples were cultured using continuous anaerobic techniques. 4 patients were positive forP. gingivalis, 13 forP. intermedia, 2 forA. actinomycetemcomitans, 16 forFusobacterium, 1 forC rectusand 12 showed microscopic evidence of spirochetes. After 3 and 6 months exposure of the implants to the oral environment, one sample was obtained from the peri‐implant sulcus in each patient.P. gingivaliswas found in 2 patients in the peri‐implant samples after 3 and 6 months. 6 peri‐implant samples were positive forP. intermediaafter 3 months, 7 after 6 months.Fusobacteriumwas present in 13 peri‐implant samples after 3, and in 12 samples after 6 months. 4 patients showed evidence of for C rectus after 3 months, 2 after 6 months. Spirochetes were seen in 3 peri‐implant samples after 3 and in 5 after 6 months. None of the implants were found to be colonized byA. actinomycetemcomitans, although the organism was detected on teeth in 1 individual. Similar distribution patterns were noted for ITI and BrÅnemark type implants. In comparison to fully edentulous and periodontally healthy individuals, the patients of this study showed a high peri‐implant prevalence of anaerobic putative periodontal pathogens 3 to 6 months after exposure of the implants to the o

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clinical testing necessary to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of new toothbrushes is complex and expensive. Any modification of methodology that could reduce complexity and cost without compromising quality would benefit both investigators and the public. Results from an 8‐week toothbrush study were assessed for the use of partial as compared to full‐mouth evaluations. The potential utility of an objective, minimally‐invasive bleeding index for the evaluation of gingivitis was also tested. 2 partial evaluations, half‐mouth and molar/anteriors, revealed decrements in modified gingival index (MGI), bleeding index and plaque index that were statistically significant and similar in magnitude to those derived from full‐mouth examinations. % decrements in MGI and bleeding index based on the Ramfjord teeth were not significant statistically. Results for the new sulcular bleeding index were essentially similar to those for the MGI. However, the bleeding index offered the advantage of improved objectivity for use in both white and non‐white subjects. These results suggest that partial evaluations and the new bleeding index may be useful elements in the design of toothbrush effic

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeriodontitis is generally considered to be a consequence of an unfavourable host‐parasite interaction in which bacteria are the determinants of disease. An intense search continues for the bacteria, specific or non‐specfic, that are responsible for periodontitis and various forms of the periodontal diseases have been associated with, and are widely believed to be caused by, specific bacterial groups. However, the distribution of periodontopathic bacteria is far wider than the distribution of periodontitis, indicating that the association between bacteria and periodontitis is weak. This paper proposes a paradigm for the etiology of generalized periodontitis in which ‘host’ factors are not only those triggered by bacteria (the agent) but are also those personal factors that influence the outcome of the host/parasite relationship. The personal factors that diminish the efficiency of host defence may include psycho‐social stress from the social environment, factors from the lifestyle such as diet, smoking and alcoholism and systemic factors such as intercurrent disease or deficiencies within the immune inflammatory system. A model is described in which the interaction of personal factors with the social environment provides the potential for the initiation of periodontitis. Biological variation is significant and the combination of factors that cause generalized periodontitis or any other chronic disease in one individual may not result in dental or any other chronic disease i

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between CPITN findings and the prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss in a rural Kenyan population comprising 1131 persons aged 15–65 years. All persons were examined for calculus, gingival bleeding, pocket depths and attachment loss levels on 4 sites of each tooth present. Recordings of bleeding, calculus and pocket depths were used to compute CPITN scores based on the 10 index teeth originally proposed, and these CPITN scores were subsequently related to the attachment loss findings derived from the full‐mouth assessment. In most cases, persons with a CPITN score 1 did not have attachment loss 4 mm. However, among 40+ year‐old persons with CPITN score 2 over 90% had attachment loss 4 mm and over 50% of the 50+ year‐olds with CPITN score 2 had attachment loss 6 mm, Less than 20% of the 15–29 year‐olds with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss 6 mm, and usually the attachment loss levels ranged between 0 and 3 mm. Beyond the age of 35 years over 10% of the sextants with CPITN score 0 had attachment loss 4 mm. Below the age of 35 years more than one third of all sextants with CPITN score 3 had attachment loss levels 3 mm. Thus, the CPITN findings overestimate both prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss among the younger age groups and underestimate these parameters among elde

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to find out which clinical, radiographic and microbiological variables can be used as prognostic criteria for the efficiency of the commonly used initial treatment protocol comprising scaling, root planing and instruction on oral hygiene in advanced adult periodontitis. 46 patients (mean age 48 years) with untreated, advanced periodontitis volunteered for the study. The clinical examination included recordings of plaque, gingival and calculus indices, probing pocket depths, bleeding and suppuration after probing, probing attachment levels and furcation involvements. Infrabony and furcation lesions were assessed from panoramic radiographs.Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansandPorphyromonas gingivaliswere cultured from the deepest, most inflamed periodontal pockets, from surface of the tongue and from saliva. 3 months after the completion of non‐surgical treatment comprising meticulous scaling and root planing and instruction on oral hygiene, the healing was assessed clinically, and 13 patients were assigned to a maintenance care programme (MC) and 33 to further treatment procedures (FT). Evaluation of the baseline clinical and radiographic data showed a significantly higher %s of 6 mm deep periodontal pockets, surfaces with suppuration, and sites with subgingival calculus, as well as higher numbers of infrabony lesions, in FT‐patients than in MC‐patients. SubgingivalA. actinomycetemcomitanswas isolated at baseline in 55% of the FT‐patients and in 38% of the MC‐patients, andP. gingivalisin 27% and 23%, respectively.A. actinomycetemcomitanswas eradicated by non‐surgical treatment from only one patient.P. gingivaliswas detected in 15% of the patients in both groups after treatment. Combining of the clinical and the microbiological baseline data demonstrated that simultaneous presence of multiple deep periodontal pockets (6 mm at 10% of the sites) and subgingivalA. actinomycetemcomitansalone or concomitant withP. gingivaliswas significantly more prevalent in the FT‐group than in the MC‐group. This simultaneous presence anticipated insufficient response to initial non‐surgical therapy. The results suggest that a treatment regimen more efficient than the traditional one is needed without delay in the treatment ofA. actinomycetemcomitansinfected generalized, severe periodontal

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), a potent stimulator of bone resorption, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction. However, the relationship between cytokines and periodontal disease has not been studied sufficiently to allow definitive conclusions. The aims of this study are to investigate crevicular IL‐1β and the clinical status of patients with periodontitis and the effect of phase I periodontal therapy on levels of IL‐1β. For this study, 130 gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were harvested from non‐inflamed (15) and diseased sites (115) in 11 patients with periodontitis. The gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD) of each site was recorded initially and one month after treatment. The amount of IL‐1β in the GCF was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antibody specific for this cytokine. Before treatment, IL‐1β was found in 12 of 15 non‐inflamed gingival crevices and in 112 of 115 diseased pockets. The amount of IL‐1β varied from 4.03 to 511.12 pg/site. The average amount of IL‐1/7 from diseased sites was 3‐fold greater than that from non‐inflamed sites. Both total amount of IL‐1β and the GCF volume, but not IL‐1β concentration, were found to be correlated, positively, with GI score and PD. After therapy, 63 sites from 7 patients were re‐examined, and the amount of 1L‐1β in 49 of 63 sites was found to have declined. These data suggest that the amount of Crevicular IL‐1β is closely associated with periodontal status. This relationship may be valua

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY