摘要:

Abstract.Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 10 patients with advanced periodontitis and from 5 normal control subjects. The lymphocytes were cultured with dental plaque, supernatant of homologous fibroblast cytoplasm and Pokeweed‐mitogen (PWM). The number of immunoglobulin‐ secreting cells (ISC) was assessed after 7 days using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA). The stimulation levels of lymphocytes from periodontitis patients and control subjects stimulated with dental plaque and PWM were not statistically different (p>0.05). In contrast, the number of ISC produced after stimulation with fibroblast cytoplasm was increased significantly in the patients group (p<0.05). These data support the hypothesis that autologous substances play an important rôole in the cellular immune responses of patients with severe chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (C

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Radiographic bone level changes over 2 years were assessed by 1 absolute and 2 relative techniques in a group of 180 subjects (age 18–68 years, mean 46.7). The absolute tehnique measured the CEJ‐AC distance (mm). The Schei and Björn techniques employed rulers which expressed the alveolar bone level as a % of the root and tooth length, respectively. The applicability and readability of the 3 techniques were compared and their interrelationship evaluated. The absolute technique showed significantly better readability than did both the relative methods (p<0.0005). while the Schei technique exhibited the highest ability in detecting the radiographic change in bone level. The correlation between the measurements of bone level change made by the absolute and Schei techniques (r= 0.87) was far better than that between the other techniques (r= 0.56, 0

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This study considers false results which may arise due to problems in the preparation or examination of specimens for darkground microscopy of subgingival plaque. Subgingival plaque samples obtained with a sterile curette were placed in 0.1–0.3 ml sterile full or 1/4 strength Ringer's solution: 0.85% saline, 1% gelatin in 0.85% saline, formal saline or pyrogen‐free water for injection. Test slides were prepared from the original dispersion, and control slides from the corresponding sterile solution. Optimal dispersion solution, syringe dispersion frequency and the effect on motility of delay in processing samples were tested. Slides were also prepared from dispersions of 11 representative subgingival “periodontopathic” organisms. Problems in sampling included variability in counts between sites with comparable pocket depths, contamination of the sample and reduction of the sample volume after scaling. Problems in dispersion included contamination, uneven distribution of the different morphotypes and destruction of delicate organisms. Problems in slide preparation included slide contamination, limitation in the number of samples that can be assessed by one examiner at a given time without loss of activity of motile cells, and preparation of a cell monolayer. Problems in identification and counting included confusion of Brownian movements with motility, coccoid particles with cocci, spirochetes with campylobacter, flagella with flagella‐like structures, size of cocci, counting of fragmented spirochetes and non‐motile flagellated organisms and motile cells, and also bias in counting. Problems in morpbotype grouping included the observation that many (10 of the 11 representative) periodontitis‐related organisms were in the non‐motile groups and not all cells of the motile species (Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga) showed motility.The results indicate that each stage of subgingival plaque darkground microscopy, sampling, dispersion, slide preparation, counting, morphotype grouping and interpretation may lead to false results if not representative or reproducible. Procedures are suggested for the minimisation of problems in the preparation and examination of subgingival plaque specimens for darkgr

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The aim of the present study was to relate shifts in the composition of subgingival plaque in periodontal pockets to alterations of the clinical periodontal conditions following a single course of subgingival scaling and root planing during a period of professional supragingival plaque control. For this purpose, 36 pairs of contralateral periodontal pockets in 10 subjects with moderately advanced periodontitis were assessed for the degree of gingival inflammation, probing pocket depths, bleeding on probing, attachment levels and the amount of supragingival plaque. In addition, samples of subgingival plaque were analyzed morphologically by dark‐field microscopy. All patients received detailed information about proper oral hygiene and every 1–2 weeks, professional removal of supragingivally located deposits. When the oral hygiene standard had been sufficiently improved, 1 course of subgingival scaling on 1 side of each jaw only (test side) was carried out. Clinical and microbiological examinations were repeated after the scaling as well as after 2 and 6 months, while patients were recalled for supragingival prophylaxis every 2nd to 4th week.Our data showed that a single course of subgingival scaling and root planing resulted in reduced probing depths, a gain in clinical attachment and a shift in the composition of the subgingival microflora to a composition found in relatively healthy periodontal conditions. In relatively shallow pockets, however, a possible influence of repeated sampling on the subgingival microflora could not be ruled out. Bleeding on gentle probing was a reliable parameter for predicting a subgingival microflora where motile bacteria hold an increased portion. The differences in the subgingival microflora between sites exhibiting gain in clinical attachment after 6 months and non‐responding sites, could not be confirmed statisti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The concertration of total, free and bound (complexed forms) of alpha 2‐ macroglobulin was measured by crossimmunoelectrophoresis in patients with different degrees of periodontal disease as indicated by the gingival index (GI) and the proportion of alveolar bone loss (ABL). The concentration of toral a2‐ M (bound and free forms) is lower in gingival fluid taken from sites with more inflamed gingivae. Its concentration decreases with an increase in the pocket depth and the alveolar bone loss at the sites of fluid collection. The concentration of a2‐M bound form, i.e., the presence of a2‐M: protease complexes, in gingival fluid is low or absent at the sites with more pronounced bone loss (above 15%). Our results support the hypothesis that unbalanced protease activity damages the periodontal tissue. Not only the proteolytic but also inhibitory activities are altered and correspond to the severity of the

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A 2‐way, blind, cross‐over study was carried out to compare the plaque‐removing effects of a double‐headed toothbrush with a popular single‐headed flat toothbrush in 34, 11‐ to 13‐year‐old boys. Both brushes were used with a modified Bass technique for 3 weeks each. The results of the study indicated that lingually, the double‐headed brush was superior to the single‐headed brush whilst bucally no difference was found. Although the overall plaque‐removing effect of both brushes was similar. 95% of the children preferred the single‐headed brush to

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Doxycycline is a synthetic tetracycline compound whose main advantages over tetracycline hydrochloride are increased oral absorption, prolonged serum half‐life and decreased gastrointestinal side‐effects. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of doxycycline in gingival fluid and blood after oral administration. 4 volunteers were given doses of 100 mg doxycycline every 12 h on the first day of antibiotic administration followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg per day for an additional 4 days. 3 of these volunteers were also given tetracycline hydrochloride every 6 h for 5 days either 1 month before or after doxycycline administration to compare gingival fluid levels of these 2 tetracycline compounds. Gingival fluid was sampled from 4 gingival sites in each volunteer at hourly intervals from hours 0 to 6, 9, 24, 27, 48 to 54, 57. 72, 75, 96 to 102 and 105. Blood was sampled by finger puncture at hours 0, 3, 6, 24, 48, 54, 72, 96 and 102. Antibiotic levels in gingival fluid and blood were measured using an agar diffusion assay method.The results demonstrated that doxycycline achieved much higher levels in the gingival fluid than in blood and yielded comparable gingival fluid levels to those achieved by tetracycline hydrochloride. Doxycycline levels in gingival fluid ranged between 1.2 μg/ml and 8.1 μg/ml in the first 24 h and generally achieved 3–10 μg/ml after 48 h. Blood levels after 48 h ranged between 2.1 μg/ml and 2.9,μg/ml. Tetracycline hydrochloride in gingival fluid after 48 h was generally in the range of 4 μg/ml–10 μg/ml with blood levels between 2.2 μg/ml and 3.4 μg/ml. Due to certain advantages of doxycydine over tetracycline hydrochloride, this synthetic tetracycline compound may be favorably considered as an alternative to tetracycline hydrochloride in per

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of a plaque control program on the development of phenytoin(PHT)‐induced gingival overgrowth was studied in 16 epileptic children, 8–16 years of age during a 2‐year longitudinal study. The parameters studied were: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth and gingival overgrowth. A preventive program was instituted before the start of the PHT‐medication and included oral hygiene instruction and frequent professional tooth cleaning during the observation period. When gingival overgrowth was evaluated on the basis of probing depth, no patients on PHT therapy for 2 years developed pseudopockets (4 mm). During the 2‐year observation period, there was a statistically significant increase (p<0.01) in the thickness of the marginal gingiva bucco‐lingually in all patients. This gingival enlargement was already evident (p<0.01) after 1 month. The degree of gingival enlargement in this patient group did not increase significantly after the 1st year of PHT‐medication and was not significantly correlated to the plasma concentration of PHT. The results of this study show that the development of PHT‐induced gingival overgrowth could not be prevented by this specific plaque

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The generation rate of free oxygen radicals as measured by maximal light intensity of luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescenee from peripheral blood granulocytes (PMN) stimulated with differently opsonizedStaphylococcus aureuswas studied in 13 patients with juvenile periodontitis (JP) and pair‐matched, healthy controls. Plasma proteins related to inflammation were also assayed. When stimulated with bacteria opsonized with autologous serum, the PMN from the JP patients showed a more intensive chemiluminescenee than did their pair‐matched controls (p<0.0005). The difference was consistent but slightly reduced when using, heat‐treated serum (p<0.006) or heterologous gammaglobulin (p<0.19) for opsonization. When testing freeze preserved sera from 11 of the compaired pairs, the sera from JP patients induced a slightly higher chemiluminescence in PMN from a healthy donor (p<0.031).Protein analysis of the patient sera revealed a slightly higher concentration of complement 4 (p<0.032) and IgM (p<0.030) when compared with their respective pair‐matched healthy controls.The influence of other blood components contaminating our assay system was checked on healthy PMN cells. Lymphocytes, platelets, relevant amounts of ADP and serum had no effect on the chemiluminescence.In conclusion, the increased chemiluminescence of peripheral blood granulocytes from patients with juvenile periodontitis seems to be related mainly to the cells. The association with free oxygen radicals and their tissue‐damagemg potency might be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of periodon

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Periodontal status was studied at the mesiobuccal. midbuccal and distobuccal aspects of contralateral pairs of canines in 22 postorthodontic patients aged 30 to 51 years with a mean time of 26.4 years (SD, 5.6) out of active treatment. The pretreatment models showed one canine erupting severely to the labial (“ectopic”) with a contralateral canine in good arch alignment (control). None of the patients experienced relapse of the “ectopic” canine in a labial direction, and none had missing teeth, malalignment, overhanging restorations or open tooth contacts adjacent to the canines evaluated. Periodontal parameters were examined using a Michigan #0 probe with Williams markings. A non‐standardized light force was used and the measurements were rounded to the nearest millimeter. The results demonstrated statistically significant differences between the canines in probing attachment and bone levels (mean, 0.75; SD, 0.92; P<0.01) and width of attached gingiva (mean. 0.50; SD, 1.07; p<0.05) at the midbuccal aspects. The reason for these differences could only be specul

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb02243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY