摘要:

AbstractThere has been considerable controversy about the incidence of periodontal disease in adolescents. It is noteworthy that there is disagreement between workers as to be radiological features that should be used to detect the earliest signs of periodontitis, and variation in the choice of criteria may have influenced the results of previous studies. The present project represents a 3–year longitudinal assessment into the periodontal condition, assessed clinically and radiologically, of a group of adolescents. The radiographic investigations were carried out using vertical bitewing radiographs and, to reduce potential error caused by variation in film placement and tube alignment, individual impressions were used so that the film could be positioned accurately at repeat assessments. It was found that several of the radiographic features, such as the width of the periodontal ligament space and the angle of the interproximal bone crest relative to the tooth, similar to those previously attributed to the commencement of destructive periodontal changes, were found to be correlated with the maturation changes associated with the eruption of the adjoining permanent teeth. In spite of the use of impressions, some of the series of radiographs showed variation in tube alignment, and several of the above radiological features were also found to correlate with errors in radiographic technique. It was concluded that the various eruptive and maturation changes taking place during this stage in the adolescent dentition must be allowed for when looking for the earliest signs of periodontal destructio

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the present site‐by‐site follow‐up study, the change in amount of approximal alveolar bone was assessed after 1 year from the baseline examination in 38 and after 2 years in 22 dentate subjects all with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. The diabetics, aged 35 lo 56 years at baseline, had a history of a mean duration of 18 years of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and were under medical treatment at the outpatient clinic of the III Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki as well as at 2 diabetic clinics of the Helsinki Health Centre. Based upon their Song‐term medical records, 26 subjects were after 1 year, and 16 subjects after 2 years from the baseline, identified as having poorly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes (PIDD). At the 1‐year examination, 12 subjects were classified as having controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes (CIDD) as compared to 6 subjects at the 2‐year examination. After 1 and 2 years, from baseline, site‐by‐site measurements were recorded for plaque index scores, bleeding after probing, loss of attachment, and radiographic loss of alveolar bone. After 1 and 1 years from baseline, the PIDD subjects exhibited higher mean %s of sites with improved bleeding scores (p<0.01,x3‐test) than the CIDD subjects. At the 2‐year examination, the mean % of sites with loss of approximal alveolar bone was greater in the PIDD than in the CIDD group (P<0.05,X3‐test). The greatest differences between PIDD and CIDD subjects were found when recordings for only canines were analyzed at the 1 ‐ and 2‐year examinations (p<0.05,X2‐test). The results of our current 2–year longitudinal site‐by‐site examinations confirm earlier, results that poorly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus is strongly

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely researched in an attempt to control periodontal diseases. This double‐blind parallel group study investigated the effect of a systemic flurbiprofen preparation (100 rag daily), when combined with toothbrushing on the resolution of experimental gingivitis in human volunteers. 47 volunteers abstained from tooth cleaning for 21 days. On day 21, 23 subjects were prescribed 100 mg of flurbiprofen daily whereas 24 subjects were prescribed placebo. In both groups, toothbrushing was re‐introduced and all subjects used the Bass technique for 2 min each day. Both treatment regimens were continued for 7 days. Plaque indices, gingival indices and gingival crevicular fluid flow were assessed at baseline (day 0) and on days 21 and 27. There were no significant differences atp= 0.05 between the groups for plaque indices or gingival crevicular fluid flow. The flurbiprofen group, however, demonstrated greater resolution of gingival inflammation by day 27 when compared to the placebo controls (p= 0.04). The plasma levels of flurbiprofen in the test group showed mean concentrations of flurbiprofen of 4.7 (±2.1) μg/ml at 1 h after dosing. After 6 h, this had fallen to 4.4 (±1.6) μg/ml. It is concluded that these serum concentrations of flurbiprofen are sufficient to produce significant anti‐inflammatory effects in the gin

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo investigate a possible role for salivary blood‐group antigens in the relative frequencies of selected periodontal pathogens and commensal oral micro‐organisms, we studied the clinical and microbiological condition in young adults with or without blood group reactive substances in saliva (secretors or non‐secretors respectively). Clinical measurements were recorded at the Ramfjord teeth in 81 1st‐year dental students. In addition, presence of interproximal loss of attachment (LA) was assessed at sites with a pocket depth of ≥4 mm. Microbiological samples were taken from one of the Ramfjord teeth (site without inteproximal LA), from interproximal sites of ≥4 mm in conjunction with LA, and from the saliva. The samples were analyzed for the presence ofActinomyces naesiundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotella intermedia. Porphyromonas gingivalisandActinobacillius actinomycetemcomitans.Clinically, no statistically significant differences were found in the periodontal status between secretors (78% of our population) and n on‐secretors. Furthermore, the occurrence of the monitored micro‐organisms was not correlated to the secretor status. It is concluded that bacterial colonization with the micro‐organisms tested in this study, apparently occurred independent of secretor status. Among the periodontal pathogens, onlyP. intermediawas more frequently recovered from the saliva of subjects with interproximal LA (49%) than in those without (33%;p=0.03). This finding was irrespective of the secretor status. Therefore,P. intermediamay be an important micro‐organism in relation to the onset of periodontal destruct

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) appears lo be an important cell in the protection of the host from pathogenic periodontal microorganisms and, despite some reports to the contrary, it is generally assumed that early‐onset forms of periodontal disease including both juvenile and rapidly progressing periodontitis are associated with a defect in PMN chemotactic behaviour. The purpose of the present study was to examine the peripheral PMN chemotactic behaviour, using the under agarose method, in 4 groups, namely healthy periodontium group (n= 7), gingivitis group (n= 8), early‐onset periodontitis group (n= 17) and adult periodontitis group (n= 8). PMN from early‐onset periodontitis patients showed normal random and chemotactic locomotory behaviour when compared with those of PMN from subjects of the other groups. No statistically significant difference could be found among the 4 studied groups, with regard to spontaneous and oriented migr

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies of the effect of general bone loss on periodontal condition and on development of periodontal pockets suggest that there is no clear correlation between periodontal health or number of teeth and the general mineral status of the skeleton. In some reports, however, deep periodontal pockets have been correlated with good mineral status in the jawbones and skeleton. The purpose of this study of 227 healthy postmenopausal women aged 48 to 56 years was to determine whether advanced alveolar bone loss, diagnosed by panoramic radiographs, and periodontal probing depths or number of remaining teeth were correlated with the bone mineral status of the skeleton and cortical bone in the mandible. The results suggest that individuals with high mineral values in the skeleton seem to retain their teeth with deep periodontal pockets more easily than those with osteoporosis. This finding may especially motivate treatment of persons suffering from advanced periodontal disease but having good mineral status.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation reports an animal experiment the objective of which was to study the vascular topography of the periodontium and the peri‐implant soft and hard tissues in the beagle dog. 2 beagle dogs were used. The right mandibular premolars were extracted and healing allowed for 3 months. 2 titanium fixtures a.m. Brånemark were installed in the right premolar region. Abutment connection was performed 3 months later. The contra‐lateral mandibular sites were used as tooth harboring control units. A 4‐month period of meticulous plaque control was initiated. A clinical and radio graphical examination was performed towards the end of this period and revealed that the gingiva and peri‐implant mucosa were clinically healthy and that the bone tissue at teeth and implants had a normal height. The carotid arteries were perfused with a mixture of carbon and calf serum. 2 bucco‐lingual sections, about 100–150 film thick, and one mesio‐distal section comprising the Functional epithelium and underlying connective tissue were sampled. The sections were treated, cleared and examined in a microscope. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that the vasculature of the gingiva and the supracrestal connective tissue at teeth is derived from two sources, namely the supraperiosteal vessels lateral of the alveolar process and the vessels of the periodontal ligament. The blood vessels of the peri‐implant mucosa were found to be terminal branches of larger vessels orginating from the periosteum of the bone of the implant site. The microscopic examinations further revealed that in both the gingiva and in the peri‐implant mucosa, the blood vessels lateral to the junctional epithelium formed a characteristic “crevicular plexus”. While, however, the supracrestal connective tissue lateral to the root cementum was found to be richly vascularized, the corresponding site in the peri‐implant tissue was almost d

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrent recommendations for periodontal health maintenance emphasize toothbrushing, flossing and periodic dental checkups. The purposes of this study were to examine (1) the effects of these practices on periodontal health and (2) the relationships of demographic and socioeconomic variables with these behaviors and with periodontal health. Adults (n= 319) in the Detroit, Michigan tri‐county area were asked how frequently they performed the 3 preventive behaviors. Levels of plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and periodontal attachment were then assessed during in‐home dental examinations. There were no statistically significant differences in these health measures between those with acceptable and unacceptable brushing behavior. About 20% of the subjects reported acceptable flossing behavior, and these individuals had significantly less plaque and calculus than other participants. Over 3/4 of subjects reported having a dental checkup at least 1 × a year, and these persons were found to have significantly less plaque, gingivitis, and calculus compared to less frequent attenders. Acceptable brushing behavior was not associated with any particular demographic or socio‐economic characteristic, while differences in acceptable flossing behavior were found among age groups. Frequencies of yearly dental checkups varied significantly within every demographic and socioeconomic characte

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe subgingival microflora in a patient with localized juvenile periodontitis was studied. Of the 97 sites investigated, 28 (29%) showed attachment loss. A correlation was found between the number ofActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitanscells and the clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth. Of the 97 test sites, 70 (73%) were positive forA. actinomycetemcomitans.Of the total number ofA. actinomycetemcomitanscells isolated from this patient, more than 99% were found at sites with attachment loss,<1 % being present at sites without attachment loss. The mean percentage ofA. actinomycetemcomitanswas 21.2% at sites with attachment loss and 0.45% at sites without attachment loss. The distribution ofPorphyromonas gingilisshowed a symmetrical pattern, being present at the 1st molar and 2nd premolar sites in all quadrants and at the lower incisor sites. This species was absent at multiple sites showing overt attachment loss.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined the microflora in 11 barrier membranes around teeth with furcation involvement or 2 to 3 wall intrabony defects and in 16 membranes around implants with various types of bony defects. Total viable counts and the occurrence of selected microbial species were determined by non‐selective and selective culture and by DNA probes. Study sites were examined for probing pocket depth and attachment level. All tooth‐associated membranes yielded high levels of microorganisms. 4 of 5 teeth with membranes harboring less than 10s organisms gained 3 mm or more in probing attachment, whereas 6 teeth with membranes with more than 108organisms exhibited loss or only small gains in attachment. 3 membranes with high levels of black‐pigmented anaerobic rods lost 1 to 2 mm of attachment. Ten implant‐associated membranes with no cultivable microorganisms demonstrated a mean probing gain of 4.9 mm. 6 implants with infected membranes only gained an average of 2.0 mm of supportive bone. The present findings underscore the importance of controlling or eliminating periodontal pathogens on barrier membranes in order to gain new att

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY