摘要:

AbstractA study was undertaken to estimate the time taken to carry out the common periodontal treatments. Patients attending a university dental hospital were followed up until the end of their periodontal treatment. The average patient reqtuired 3.1 hours of treatment spread over 9.3 ± 3.9 visits. The largest proportion of the time was for doing scaling (39.3 %) ‐ that took 72.8 ± 41.0 minutes per patient. Patient education took 30.2 % of the time ‐ 55.9 ± 21.8 min per patient, examination 18.5 % (26.2 ± 17.3 min) and surgery 11.6 % (21.4 ± 46.3 min per patient). As the number of patients requiring surgery was small, timings of surgery were done on additional groups of patients. The 75 surgical procedures took 51.9 ± 29.7 min each ‐ an average of 14.3 ± 12 min per tooth. Most of the periodontal treatment was done by auxiliaries; they carried out 68.5 % of treatment (education, scahng and charting), whilst the dentists carried out the examinations and the surgery. The treatment of 60 patients at an industrial clinic was timed. Education took 8.0 ± 4,7 min and scaling and polish, 26.7 ± 16.1 min per patient. The examination time increased with increased severity of disease; patient education increased with increases in debris scores and periodontal scores; the scale and polish time increased with increasing debris, calculus and periodontal scores. The number of visits increased with increases in debris, calculus and periodontal scores. The results indicate that commonly used periodontal indices can be used to estimate treatment times and types of pers

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01910.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of the water irrigating device. Water Pik®, on the accumulation of plaque and development of gingivitis has been studied using the model, “experimental gingivitis in man”. The investigation was carried out on 41 patient volunteers whose teeth were thoroughly scaled and polished during a 4‐week period of intensive oral hygiene preceding each experimental period. Gingival exudation. Plaque Index and Gingival Index were registered at the beginning of the experimental periods. The participants were then divided into four groups. Groups A and B abandoned all forms of active oral hygiene. Group A, however, were given Water Pik devices as the only oral hygiene aid. Groups C and D continued to clean their teeth using a toothbrush and Group C were given Water Pik devices as a supplementary aid. After 14 days, gingival exudation. Plaque Index, Gingival Index and soft tissue injuries were registered. The results showed that, while both groups A and B demonstrated extensive plaqtie deposits and gingivitis, these were present to a significantly lesser degree in Water Pik users. The toothbrushing groups (C and D) failed to demonstrate any further reduction of plaque or gingivitis when Water Pik was introduced as an additional measure. No soft tissue injuries were

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01911.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe conduct of clinical trials requires that satisfactory indices are available for the objective measurement of clinical signs and symptoms. While no ideal index exists, it is nevertheless possible to use existing indices, despite their ordinal nature, in such a manner that more sophisticated and complex null hypotheses may be tested. In particular the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) permits significance tests of interactions between two or more variables.In the case of dental trials, tested differences between groups using one‐way statistical analyses imply that such differences arise from the effects of one variable only. If two variables are manipulated together, their effects are confounded.The capacity of ANOVA to attribute data variability to main effects and interactions is its great power. To enable plaque and gingival inflammation scores to be analysed in this manner it is suggested that a derived frequency score, the G‐ratio, should be employed. Where there are four possible scores (0,1,2,3), there are three possible G‐ratios – G(0), G(O,1) or G(0,2). The G‐ratio which gives an overall mean closest to 0.50 is chosen for any particular investigation in order to avoid skew data distribution.In order to meet ANOVA assumptions, the G‐ratio should be formed on groups of not less than 10 surfaces. Since the distribution of any measure based on a proportion is unlikely to be normal, the data should also be transformed so that X'= are sin x which is to say that the transformed score is equal to the angle whose sine is the square root of the raw score.A clinical study of the effects of lectures and individual instruction in oral hygiene was subjected to analysis by a five‐way ANOVA. Location and jaw effects were markedly qualified by interactions. Such considerations point to the need for care in the design of trials where subject variability, repeated measurements, trial manipulations and inter

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01912.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSamples of subgingival bacteria were collected with a clean curette from two relatively normal and two periodontally diseased sites in each of 12 patients with advanced periodontal disease. The samples were suspended in physiologic saline containing 1 % gelatin and examined within 1 hour by darkfield microscopy. From 100‐200 bacteria were classified on a percentage basis into one of the following categories: (1) coccoid cells, (2) straight rods, (3) filaments, (4) fusiforms, (5) curved rods, (6) small spirochetes, (7) medium‐sized spirochetes, (8) large spirochetes, and (9) motile rods. For each area sampled the following clinical criteria were also recorded: (1) Gingival Index, (2) Plaque Index, (3) probing depth and (4) gingival fluid flow. For each patient separate mean values were calculated for the normal and the diseased sites. The results indicated that significant differences existed in the microbial flora of clinically normal and diseased sites using a paired t‐test comparison (2α= 0.001), with coccoid cells more predominant at normal sites (74.3 % vs. 22.3 %), while at diseased sites motile rods were more frequent (12.7 % vs. 0.3 %), as well as curved rods (1.7 % vs. 0 %), small spirochetes (12.6 % vs. 1.1 %), medium‐sized spirochetes (18.5 % vs. 0.5 %) and large spirochetes (6.7 % vs. 0.2 %). The ratio of motile to non‐motile cells in the normal was 1:49, whereas at diseased sites the ratio was in the vicinity of 1:1. These results clearly show that a different flora is associated with healthy and periodontally diseased sites in the same patient population and that these differences can be detected by means of a technique which is simple and readily adaptable to a clinical setting. The data obtained in this fashion may be useful in monitoring the effect of various treatment modalities on the periodontal flora and possibly in determining the presence or absence of acti

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01913.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation was carried out to determine if the occurrence of caries and the progression of periodontitis can be prevented in adults, and maintained at a high level of oral hygiene by regularly repeated oral hygiene instructions and prophylaxis. An attempt was also made to study the progression of dental diseases in individuals who received no special oral hygiene instruction but regularly received dental care of a traditional type. Two groups of individuals from one geographic site were recruited in 1971‐72 for the trial; 375 were assigned to a test and 180 to a control group. A baseline examination revealed that the socio‐economic status, the oral hygiene status, the incidence of gingivitis and the caries experience were similar among the test and control participants prior to the start of the study. During the subsequent 3‐year period, the control patients were seen regularly once a year and given traditional dental care. The test group participants, on the other hand, were seen once every 2 months during the first 2 years and once every 3 months during the third year. On an individual basis they were instructed in a proper oral hygiene technique and given a careful dental prophylaxis including scaling and root planing. Each prophylactic session was handled by a dental hygienist. A re‐examination was carried out towards the end of the third treatment year. The results of the trial clearly showed that it is possible, by regularly repeated tooth cleaning instruction and prophylaxis, to stimulate adults to adopt proper oral hygiene habits. The findings also demonstrated that persons who utilized proper oral hygiene techniques during a 3‐year period had negligible signs of gingivitis, suffered no loss of periodontal tissue attachment, and developed practically no new carious lesions. The control patients, who during the same period received merely symptomatic treatment, suffered from gingivitis, lost periodontal tisssue support and developed several new as well as recurrent, carious lesions. These results indicate that dental treatment is a highlyineffectivemeans of curing caries and periodonta

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01914.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described to replace periodontaily destroyed first molars in patients with juvenile periodontitis by auto‐transplantation of third molars.Fifteen molars which had been extracted due to periodontal destruction were replaced by autologous third molars with incomplete root formation. The patients were then observed for a period up to 7 years.In ail cases complete regeneration of the alveolar bone took place and radiographically a normal periodontal membrane was established. All of the transplanted teeth continued their root formation and there was no radiographic evidence for root resorption, ankylosis or necrosis of the pulp. None of the transplanted teeth displayed pocket depths over 3 mm and no abnormal mobility was detectabl

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01915.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY