摘要:

AbstractSalivary calcium was shown to be higher in treated periodontitis‐affected subjects (P+) than in periodontitis‐free patients (P−). Here the aim was to study whether differences in calcium or other salivary factors exist prior to treatment. The test group consisted of 20 (15 men, 5 women) periodontitis‐affected subjects and the control group 15 subjects (10 men, 5 women) free from periodontitis. Paraffin‐stimulated whole saliva was collected to determine the flow‐rate, calcium and phosphate concentrations, pH, buffering capacity, numbers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts. The results showed a higher calcium concentration (p<0.05) in the P+ group (x̄: 1.68 mmol/l; SE: 0.06 in men and x̄: 1.49 mmol/l; SE: 0.10 in women) than in the P‐group (x̄: 1.48 mmol/l; SE: 0.09 in men and x̄: 1.18 mmol/l; SE: 0.10 in women). The P+ group had more intact teeth (x̄±SE: 9.9±0.8 in men and 11.2±2.0 in women) than the P‐group (x̄± SE: 8.3±0.7 in men and 8.2±2.4 in women). The present findings may indicate that an elevated level of salivary Ca is characteristic of P+ patients both before and

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUncontrolled studies have suggested a beneficial effect of periodontal treatment on metabolic control of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We therefore conducted controlled single‐blind studies, using current metabolic status indicators in IDDM subjects free of significant complications other than periodontal diseases. In the 1st study, 41 IDDM subjects with gingivitis and early periodontitis were randomly assigned to treatment (oral hygiene and scaling) or control groups. The study was completed by 16 experimental and 15 control subjects. Reassessment after 2 months showed a Hawthorne effect in the control group, and no difference between groups. However, further analysis showed a relationship between individual metabolic control variation and gingival inflammation. A 2nd study enrolled 23 IDDM subjects with advanced periodontitis, who were randomised to treatment (full initial therapy including root planing) or control groups. Only 1 subject failed to complete the study, owing to illness. In this study, a significant response to periodontal treatment was not accompanied by any improvement in metabolic control. These results support the concept that the effect of metabolic control may be predominant in the relationship between IDDM and periodontal hea

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present experiment on guided tissue regeneration had 2 objectives namely: (i) to study if an improved anchorage of the soft tissue flaps during the initial healing period after membrane placement would reduce the tendency for soft tissue recession and allow for healing of also large furcation defects; (ii) to determine if the use of biodegradable membranes in GTR procedures may promote new attachment formation in degree III furcation defects. 2 experiments were performed which included 5 and 8 dogs each. In each animal, the 3rd pre‐molar of the left or right side of the mandible was selected as test site using the contralateral tooth as control. 2 months prior to the start of the experiment, the 2nd and 4th premolars in each side of the mandible were extracted. The extractions were performed to create a large edentulous space mesial and distal to the 3rd premolar. During GTR therapy the incisions prepared in this edentulous region were used to allow proper suture retention and flap stability during the initial phase of healing. In study 1, furcation defects (degree III) were prepared and subsequently treated according to GTR using e‐PTFE membranes in the test and no membrane in the control site. In study 2, a bioresorbable membrane (Resolut®) was installed in the test and an e‐PTFE membrane in the control sites. The non‐resorbable membranes were removed after 30 days. The animals were sacrificed 5 months after reconstructive surgery, biopsies were harvested, sectioned and analyzed histologically for new connective tissue attachment and bone. The results demonstrated that comparatively large furcation defects can be successfully regenerated by GTR therapy provided the membrane‐covering soft tissue flaps are prevented from receding apical of the furcation fornix during healing. Our findings also disclosed that a biodegradable membrane provides a barrier which is equally effective as a non‐degradable teflon membrane in a G

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeriodontitis is characterized by asymptomatic periodic collagen degradation, which is accompanied by the formation of granulation tissue induced by bacteria. The lesions sometimes contain micro‐organisms and/or micro‐abscesses that are of unknown significance. The aim of this study was to determine whether bacteria in a sterile granulation tissue could enhance its collagenolytic capacity. The formation of granulation tissue was induced by implanting a cellulose sponge in the subcutaneous tissue in the back of the rat. Bacteria were injected every other day into the sponge from day 8 to day 18. The cell‐dependent degradation of a homologous3H‐collagen powder enveloped in the sponge was measured by the radioactivity of the urine excreted 8–18 days after the implantation. The injections increased the excretion of radioactivity by about 40% compared with the controls (n=8,p0.005), but caused no clinical signs of acute infection or inflammation. On day 18, 2 days after the last injection of bacteria, no bacteria or increased cell infiltration were observed in the granulation tissue. The appearance of the latter could not be distinguished from that of the control tissues injected with buffer alone. It seems reasonable to assume that the increased collagen degradation results from enhanced activity of phagocytes, which may also be related to an increased release of tissue‐destructive proteases and free oxygen radicals into the extracellular space. In conclusion, brief recurrent episodes of bacteria in granulation tissue can increase its collagen degrading‐capacity. The latter may be due to augmented cell activity in the tissue. This response seems to have some features comparable to the pathogenesis of episodic periodontitis, e.g., by mimicking the collage

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract174 patients referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden during 1987 to 1989 for lichenoid lesions and evaluation of a possible connection with amalgam restorations were invited to a clinical re‐examination. 159 of the patients were re‐examined with the purpose of evaluating the long‐term effect upon performed substitution therapy. Partial or total removal of amalgam had been recommended according to a set of given criteria. The re‐examination showed that 62 patients had performed partial and 69 patients total removal of amalgam fillings. 28 patients had not performed any substitution therapy. There was a difference between recommended and performed therapy. The results demonstrated that 92% of patients with lichenoid lesions only in contact with amalgam fillings healed or improved clinically following removal of amalgam. No statistical difference was found in healing between patients who only removed fillings in contact and those who had removed all amalgam restorations. More than 60% of buccal lichenoid lesions without contact with amalgam at time of referral disappeared following amalgam substitution. Gingival lichenoid lesions did not respond to substitution of amalgam to another material. 3 out of 17 patch‐tested patients demonstrated a hyper‐sensitivity reaction to mercury. All lichenoid lesions in these patients healed following total substitution. Partial or total removal of amalgam fillings was also performed on 10 patients with completely negative patch‐tests. 6 out of these patients demonstrated complete healing of their lichenoid reactions at re‐examination. The lichenoid reaction is to be regarded as a reaction pattern within the oral mucosa directed towards a specific agens in patients predisposed to develop such a reaction. Dental amalgam plays an etiological role in the development of lichenoid reactions and should be removed when in clinical contact with the lichenoid lesion. Total removal of amalgam may also be tried in other cases in patients with long‐standing atrophic or erosive lesions where other therapy forms have been tried with poo

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effect on periodontal regeneration of preventing bacterial contamination of the membrane material following the guided tissue regeneration procedure (GTR). Periodontal dehiscence defects were surgically produced in 2 monkeys. In each monkey, 8 of these defects were submerged after resection of the crowns of the teeth and a teflon (Gore‐Tex Periodontal Material®) or a polyglactin (Vicryl Mesh®) membrane was adjusted to cover the defect and the exposed root surface. 4 defects on non‐crown resected teeth were treated with either a teflon or a polyglactin membrane positioned with the coronal border approximately 2 mm below the margin of the covering tissue flap. Following 6 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed. Histological evaluation of the specimens revealed that roots which were kept completely covered during the healing period demonstrated new connective tissue attachment and bone formation corresponding to 67–100% of the length of the initial defect depth, whereas the amount of new connective tissue attachment and bone on non‐submerged roots ranged between 30–59% and 11–31%, respectively. It seems reasonable to anticipate that it is bacterial contamination of the membrane material which jeopardizes the formation of new connective tissue attachment but in particular bone formation following the

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the oral clinical and microbiological status of young adults 6 years after puberty and to compare these findings with the conditions observed during puberty. Clinical and microbiological parameters were monitored in 42 individuals 10 × between the ages of 11 and 14 years. 33 individuals were re‐examined 10 years after the start of this monitoring. Microbiology included 2 subgingival samples per subject taken from the mesiobuccal aspects of the upper 1st molars. The samples were subject to continuous anaerobic culturing. Individuals with a marked and sustained increase in mean papillary bleeding scores during puberty (group A, n=16) differed 6 years later from individuals without pronounced puberty gingivitis (group C, n=8) in several aspects. Individuals in group A had a significantly higher gingival bleeding tendency and an increased number of sites with more than 3 mm attachment loss. The subjects in group C showed the lowest anaerobic total cultivable counts. Spirochetes were detected only in group A subjects (4 samples in 3 individuals). In all positive sites, spirochetes had been identified at least 8 out of 10 times during puberty.A. actinomycetemcomitanswas present in only one individual of group A.P. gingivalishad not been detected during puberty; none of the samples wereP. gingivalispositive 6 years later.P. intermediawas found in 27% of all samples, isolates belonging to theP. melaninogenicagroup of black pigmenting anaerobes had a frequency of 6%, 6 years after puberty. These organisms were not significantly associated with a history of puberty gingivitis. This prospective study shows a relationship between the presence of puberty gingivitis and periodontal and microbiological conditions 6 years after puber

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this prospective split‐mouth‐study was to compare the 5‐months‐healing results after implantation of resorbable (Polyglactin‐910) and non‐resorbable (e‐PTFE) GTR‐membranes. 12 healthy patients with 41 periodontal defects were treated. Radiographical and clinical examinations (papillary bleeding index, gingival recession, probing pocket depth, probing attachment level, and furcation depth) were carried out under standardized conditions immediately before and 5 months after surgery. The vertical relative attachment gain (V‐rAG) was calculated as a % of the bony defect depth (intra‐operatively measured) at baseline, and the horizontal relative attachment gain (H‐rAG) as a % of the furcation depth at baseline. The standardized radiographs were evaluated blind by 4 experienced examiners for changes of the alveolar bone. Furthermore, digital subtraction radiography was carried out using the standard deviation of the grey level histograms in the experimental region and in a control region as a test parameter for bone changes. Both types of membranes achieved an attachment gain. Using the split‐mouth‐design, no statistically significant (0.05) difference between the two membranes could be detected (number of defects/median) with regard to V‐rAG (Polyglactin: 12/77.5%, e‐PTFE: 12/73.2%) or to H‐rAG of class‐II‐furcations (Polyglactin: 5/66.7%, e‐PTFE: 5/66.7%), or to bone changes using conventional and subtraction radiographic evaluation. In conclusion based on this 5‐months‐study, the resorbable membranes provided attachmen

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe subgingival microflora of 42 pubertal children (aged 12–15 years) and 18 young adults (aged 21–25 years) was investigated by anaerobic culture and phase contrast microscopy. Motile rods, spirochetes andPrevotella intermediawere elevated proportionately in pubertal children with gingivitis (median GI1); however, no statistically significant differences in enumerated organisms on selective media were observed between pubertal children and young adults. These organisms were positively correlated with the index of bleeding on probing and the gingival index of pubertal children. Pubertal children were divided into 3 distinct subject clusters according to the similarity of subgingival microbial features, and the subjects who were then selected for the gingivitis group were distributed into clusters 1 and 2. The proportions of motile rods,P. intermediaandEikenella corrodenswere significantly higher in cluster 2 than in cluster 1. These results suggest that these 2 species and motile rods which differentiated features of clusters, are useful for screening of high‐risk subjects for worsening of inflamm

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPremature exposure of membrane in the oral cavity is considered the most common complication as well as a reason for failure or incomplete success of guided tissue regeneration, as the exposed membrane undergoes plaque accumulation. A method to control, or at least to reduce the bacterial invasion of the membrane allowing a delay in the membrane removal, could be of clinical interest. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of treating, with topical chlorhexidine application, the bacterial colonization of exposed membranes. A special device was developed in order to evaluate, under an experimental environment, the bacterial colonization. This device was made from a removable acrylic denture base to which 5 gold cups were attached. The cups consisted of an internal compartment, isolated from the oral cavity by a GTAM membrane, and an external compartment exposed to the oral environment. 3 healthy subjects had this device fitted, bilaterally, in the molar‐premolar region of the upper jaw. The cups of one side of each subject had 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel applied 2× a day for 1 min, whereas those of the other side served as controls. 12 cups were removed after 2 weeks and the remainder removed after 1 month. The non‐treated control specimens were characterized by greater amounts of plaque accumulation. In all the test sites, plaque deposits increased in thickness and quantity during the 4 weeks of the experiment. Complete invasion of the membrane and initial colonization of its internal surface were observed only in 4‐week specimens. A relatively simple flora consisting mainly of cocci and short rods, was found in bacterial deposits forming under the influence of chlorhexidine, whereas in non‐treated specimens, it was possible to observe a more mature and complex plaque, composed mostly of filamentous bacteria. In conclusion, topical application of chlorhexidine gel is an effective method of reducing plaque and calculus formation on the surface of GTAM membranes exposed to the oral cavity for up to 4 weeks. This study has, however, failed to demonstrate the capacity of chlorhexidine to prevent or to retard bacterial penetration through the thickness of the inner portion of the m

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1995.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY