摘要:

AbstractIt was the purpose of this study to determine whether probing force had an influence on the amount of clinical attachment‐gain assessed after treatment by scaling and rootplaning. A probing device was constructed which allowed simultanious monitoring of probing force and probe penetration and which standardized the insertion pathway for repeated measurements. In 10 periodontal patients, 2 deep pockets were selected which were measured before and after periodontal treatment by scaling and root‐planing. Depth‐force plots were compared by superimposition. Depth values were determined at 5 different force levels (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 N) on each plot and changes of clinical attachment levels were calculated. A significant relationship was seen between probing force and attachmentlevel.The values obtained with 0.25 N were significantly different from the values obtained with higher forces (p<0.001). Slight, but non‐significant differences were noted in the amount of attachment‐gainobtained at the 5 force levels. At a probing force level of 0.25 N, there was 0.80 mm mean attachment gain. With 0.50 N, there was a gain of 0.70 mm; with 0.75 N the gain amounted to 0.67 mm in mean. At 1.00 N and at 1.25 N, a gain of 0.66 mm was

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00647.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of difference in tine diameter on probing pocket depth measurement. 2 sets of tines with Williams markings at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 mm, and with a “round” tip, diameter 0.5 mm, were compared. One set was described as parallel‐sided, the other as tapered. The parallel‐sided tine was almost parallel from the 10 mm marking to the tip (tip diameter x̄= 0.46 mm, 95% C.I. 0.456–0.464), while the corresponding diameter for the tapered tine varied (tip diameter x̄= 0.48 mm, 95% C.I. 0.473–0.489). Calibration markings appeared highly consistent with the expected value to within 0.01 mm. The tines were mounted in Brodontic handles at 0.25 N. Examiner probing repeatability yielded κ 0.86 for “parallel‐sided” and 0.81 for “tapered” tines in vivo. 412 approximal pockets were assessed in 53 patients with routine chronic adult periodontitis, mean age 42.1 years. Each site had a probing depth of ≥5 mm, P1I≤ 1, GI≥ 1, PBI≤ 1. Each site was probed 2 × with a 15‐min interval. At the first 251 sites, the parallel‐sided tine was used initially, and the tapered at the remaining 161 sites. Results indicated a highly significant tendency for the parallel‐sided tine to yield a deeper reading when a difference occurred. These findings indicate that with adequate training providing high examiner repeatability, one source of

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAqueous extracts from 5 plants used widely in Kenya as chewing sticks (mswaki) for the control of oral hygiene were tested for their ability to inhibit extracellular peptidase and glycosidase enzyme activities produced by the periodontopathic bacteriaPorphyromonas gingivalis(formerlyBacteroides gingivalis), Bacteroides intermedius and Treponema denticola.The plants studied wereRhus natalensis, Cupressus hisitanica, Sida cordifolia, Olea africana and Euclea divinorum.Protease activities, including glycylprolyl dipeptidase and trypsin‐like activities ofP. gingivalis, chymotrypsin‐like and glycylprolyl dipeptidase activities ofB. intermediusand the trypsin‐like activity ofT. denticola, were particularly affected by extracts fromRhus natalensisandEuclea divinorum.Glycosidase activities were generally less affected with the notable exceptions of the inhibition of β‐mannosidase activity ofP. gingivalisby all extracts and the inhibition of neuraminidase activity ofT. denticolabyRhus natalensisandEuclea divinorum.Generally, these same proteolytic and glycosidic activities were inhibited by tannic acid and to lesser extents by gallic acid and gallic acid methyl ester. An inhibitory component, present in all extracts, exhibited physical and chemical properties identical to those of tannic acid. The inhibition of these enzyme activities is likely to reduce the virulence of these periodontophathic bacteria and to reduce the rate of dental plaque f

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe gingival health of 19 patients with cardiovascular problems who were medicated with nifedipine was compared with a similar cohort treated with atenolol and a control group of healthy patients. In the nifedipine and atenolol groups, patients had been taking their respective medication for a minimum period of 6 months. Plaque scores were similar for all three groups. However, patients medicated with nifedipine had a significantly higher gingival index (P<0.005), gingival overgrowth scores (P3 mm (P<0.005) when compared with the atenolol and control groups. 4 patients in the nifedipine group experienced clinically significant gingival overgrowth which required surgical excision. Gingival changes in the nifedipine patients were not related to drug dosage or plaque scores. It is concluded that nifedipine therapy results in significant gingival changes, an effect which may be mediated by the drug's action on calcium transport.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate whether new attachment, gained following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy, can be maintained over longer periods of maintenance therapy. 88 sites at 52 teeth with various types of periodontal defects in 39 patients were treated with the GTR procedure during the period 1984–1989. The effect of treatment was evaluated by assessing probing attachment level (PAL) prior to surgery and 6 months post‐surgery. Only sites which at the 6‐month examination (baseline) had gained 2 mm or more of PAL were regarded as successfully treated and scheduled for further monitoring. At baseline, 80 sites could be identified which fulfilled this criterium. Of the 80 new attachment sites, all have been monitored for 1 year, 65 for 2 years, 40 for 3 years, 17 for 4 years and 9 sites for 5 years. The results demonstrated that the attachment gain, obtained as the result of the GTR treatment, could be maintained over periods up to 5

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe levels of the 4 subclasses of IgG were estimated in the serum from 35 patients with a history of chronic periodontitis and 35 matched controls. The levels of IgG2 were significantly (P<0.019) elevated in the patients (3.756 g 1‐1) compared to the controls (2.882 g 1‐1). The data suggest that the predominant antibody response to periodontal pathogens in periodontitis may be directed against carbohydrate or glycolipid antig

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDelmopinol is a new surface active anti‐plaque agent that has demonstrated a low antimicrobial effect in vitro. By use of a vitality staining technique, the antimicrobial effect on bacteria in plaque samples was tested after rinsing with delmopinol or chlorhexidine. 6 healthy male subjects volunteered to rinse for 4 days using a double‐blind cross‐over study design with a wash‐out period between the rinsing regimens. No oral hygiene measures were allowed during the test periods and each test period started with a professional tooth cleaning procedure 2 days before the start of rinsing to allow for plaque formation. Rinsing was performed with 0.2% delmopinol hydrochloride or 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate 2 × a day. Small samples of plaque were collected from the buccal surfaces of premolars and 1 st molars before the first rinse on day 1 and then before and 1, 2, 4, 7, and 24 h after the last rinse on the 4th day. The plaque samples were immediately stained with propidium iodide and fluoresceine diacetate to visualize dead and vital microorganisms respectively. The vitality of the microflora was evaluated using a fluorescence microscope. The baseline vitality values were 91% for chlorhexidine and 86% for delmopinol. At day 4, the plaque vitality for chlorhexidine was approximately 40% up to 4 h and 50% at 7 h and 60% at 24 h after the last rinse. Corresponding values for plaque vitality after delmopinol rinsing were between 70 and 80% on all sampling occasions. The differences in plaque vitality between delmopinol and chlorhexidine were statistically significant on all sampling occasions (p<0.05) except for the baseline values. The low antimicrobial profile of delmopinol confirmed in vivo suggests a low risk for an ecological shift of the oral microflora due to cidal effects but also that delmopinol has other modes of action as an anti‐plaque agent than an antimicrob

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPanoramic, bitewing and periapical radiography and probing for measurement of the marginal bone level were compared. Altogether 237 sites of 23 patients were examined. Radiographs were taken with a splint containing steel balls to allow calculation of the enlargement of the radiographs. Probing was done before and during flap surgery using the same splint. The open bone measurement represented the true value. All radiographs were assessed by 5 observers. The mean enlargement of panoramic radiography was 27% in the upper and 26% in the lower arch. For bitewing and periapical radiography, it was 8% in the upper and 4–5% in the lower arch. All methods underestimated the bone loss. Probing bone level before surgery was most accurate, deviating at most 5% from the true value. Periapical radiography was more accurate than panoramic and bitewing radiography (p<0.001). Panoramic radiography presented a slightly lower mean accuracy than bitewing radiography (p<0.05). The underestimation of the bone loss ranged from 13 to 32% in orthopantomograms, 11–23% in bitewing and 9–20% in periapical radiographs. The interobserver variation of the radiographic methods was substa

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract20 chronic periodontitis patients were given a full periodontal examination, including measurements of probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index, bleeding index and plaque index. At a second visit, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the deepest accessible probing site of each tooth. The patients then received scaling, root planing and other appropriate non‐surgical treatment. GCF was collected from the same sites as sampled pre‐treatment and clinical parameters were measured again. Cathepsin B/L‐, elastase‐, tryptase‐, trypsin‐, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV‐like activities in GCF samples were determined by fluorimetric assay with peptidyl derivatives of 7‐amino‐4‐trifluoromethyl coumarin. Following treatment, there were reductions in all clinical parameters and all protease activities. Most were statistically significant both on a patient level using average patient values and on a site level using either individual patient or pooled patient data. As in previous pre‐treatment comparisons, post‐treatment protease levels correlated positively and significantly with the corresponding clinical parameters at patient and site levels. The reductions and correlations were more marked for total enzyme activities than concentrations. GCF protease levels appear to reflect the clinical status of periodontal lesions and may thus be of value in moni

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study compared the depth of irrigation of periodontal pockets achieved by a cannula subgingival irrigator tip and a standard oral irrigator tip. They were tested on periodontally involved teeth recommended for extraction from 17 patients. Before extraction, reference grooves were made circumferentially in each study tooth at the level of the gingival margin. In one group of 5 patients (29 teeth), a cannula was inserted halfway into the pocket at the facial, mesiofacial, distofacial, lingual, mesiolingual and distolingual surfaces and the surface irrigated for 5 s at 5 psi with a solution of plaque‐staining dye from an oral irrigator. A 2nd group of 7 patients (29 teeth) was tested similarly with a standard irrigating tip at 80 psi. A 3rd (control) group of 5 patients (26 teeth) rinsed with the dye solution. Teeth were then extracted. The distance on each tooth from the reference notch to the apical extent of the stained plaque, and also to the coronal limit of the connective tissue attachment, was measured at 4 sites (mesial, distal, buccal, lingual) under a dissecting microscope to determine the extent of dye penetration. Mean linear penetration for the control group was only 0.1 mm. Irrigation with the cannula tip penetrated farther into both the medium (3.5–6 mm) and the deep (>6 mm) periodontal pockets (p<0.01) than did irrigation with the standard tip. Mean depth of penetration with the cannula tip was 70.4% in medium pockets and 74.5% in deep pockets, as compared with 29% and 54.3%, respectively, for the standard tip. No differences were found for either method between single‐ or multi‐rooted teeth or between the surfaces ir

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY