摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of twice‐daily oral sprays of 2 ml chlorhexidine (0.2%) and 2 ml stannous fluoride (0.2%) as the sole oral hygiene measure on plaque and gingivitis in handicapped children. 52 institutionalized mentally handicapped individuals (aged 10–26 years) were divided into 4 groups to participate in a 9‐week, double‐blind, randomized clinically controlled trial, which included a cross‐over. For the first 3 weeks, groups 3 and 2 had their mouths sprayed with chlorhexidine and stannous fluoride, respectively. Following a 3‐week wash‐out interval, groups 1 and 4 were sprayed with chlorhexidine and stannous fluoride, respectively. The alternate groups received a placebo, water. Plaque (PI) and gingival indices (GI) were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and counts of spirochaetes, motile rods and cocci were taken using darkfield microscopy. By the 9th week of trial, the PI and GI were reduced by 48% and 52% for the stannous fluoride group. In the chlorhexidine group, reductions of 75% (PI) and 78% (GI) were achieved. Pair‐wise comparisons of placebo, stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine using theU‐test of Mann‐Whitney revealed significant (p<0.05) differences for both PI and GI scores in the placebo/stannous fluoride and placebo/chlorhexidine pair by the 9th week of the trial. In the stannous fluoride/chlorhexidine pair, only the PI was significantly reduced for those on chlorhexidine. Coccoid cells were more dominant at sites with low PI and GI scores (stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine groups), while spirochaetes and motile rods were more frequent at sites with high PI and GI sco

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract46 upper and lower molars with furcation grade II involvement were selected from 16 patients with periodontal disease. The teeth were randomly allocated to the following groups according to treatment; (1) 4 consecutive administrations of tetracycline‐immobilized cross‐linked collagen film (TC film) at intervals of 1 week (TC group); (2) 1 root planing treatment (RP group); (3) combination treatment (TC + RP group); (4) no treatment (control group). The therapeutic effects of each treatment were compared both clinically and micro‐biologically. Records of plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, probing attachment level and microscopic counts were obtained at 0, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The results showed marked decreases in probing depth and density of micro‐organisms in both the RP and TC + RP groups. In particular, the TC + RP group was characterized by a decreased rate of bleeding on pocket probing and an increased probing attachment gain. The above findings demonstrated that root planing is effective in the treatment of furcation involvement and that the effects are enhanced by the local administration of T

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between attachment loss and clinical, microbiological, and immunological parameters in a group of 21 human subjects exhibiting poor response to previous periodontal therapy. All had been treated with periodontal surgery, tetracycline, and subsequent maintenance recalls to periodontists who, upon detection of disease progression, referred the subjects to our clinic. In our clinic, each subject received oral hygiene instruction and a thorough subgingival scaling and root planing utilizing as many appointments as necessary. Clinical indices, including gingival index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, plaque index, pocket depth, and duplicate measurements of attachment level from an acrylic stent, were collected at monthly intervals. Probing measurements were performed using the Florida Probe®. When significant attachment loss (0.8–1.2 mm) was detected in at least 1 site, a bacterial sample was taken from that site and from a comparably deep, but non‐progressing, control site. Microbial samples were enumerated by darkfield microscopy, on selective and non‐selective media, and by predominant cultivable technique. Blood samples were also collected to determine antibody levels against potential pathogens. There was no difference in the amount of plaque present in sites gaining or losing attachment, but losing sites exhibited more bleeding and suppuration. 20 of the 21 subjects were tested; of these, 17 exhibited elevated serum antibody against one or more of the following microorganisms:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides, gingivalis, andEikenella corrodens.However, few, if any, of the “classical” pathogens were detected in the plaque samples obtained at the time progressive disease was diagnosed. The only exception wasStreptococcus intermedius, which occurred in slightly higher numbers in ac

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeriodontal disease progression was studied on bitewing radiographs taken at baseline and after 1 year for a group of 422 teenagers who had no access to preventive or therapeutic dental services. Subjects exhibiting one or more proximal surfaces of 1st molars with longitudinal bone loss and/or with vertical bone defects at the 2nd examination were regarded as periodontal risk patients. This group then underwent a further examination in which periapical radiographs of the anterior teeth were taken and the clinical loss of attachment at the proximal surfaces of all teeth was assessed. Subsequently, the radiographic and clinical states of the risk group were compared. Most sites exhibiting bone loss during the study period displayed vertical bone defects and were largely confined to mesial surfaces of first molars. 24% of sites showing alveolar bone loss at baseline demonstrated further loss 1 year later. Girls exhibited significantly higher prevalence and incidence of sites showing bone loss than did boys. 24 children (5.7%) were regarded as periodontal risk patients. The radiographs significantly underestimated the prevalence of periodontal destruction in the risk group as compared to clinical measurements. It was concluded that using 2 bitewing radiographs is adequate for the identification of risk subjects, and that periodontal progression in adolescence occurs mainly in the first molar region and may affect girls more often than boys.

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was initiated to test the biocompatibility, resorption and penetration characteristics of human collagen graft material in vitro and in vivo using light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). To study this relationship, pieces of glutaraldehyde cross‐linked collagen sponges (1 × 1 × 0.5 cm), were: (1) cultured in sterile Petri dishes with human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts for 2 weeks; (2) implanted in subcutaneous pockets made in both thighs (total 20 sites) of 10 Sprague‐Dawley rats for 7–56 days. The behaviour of the growth of the fibroblasts was studied by inverted light microscopy (LM), then tissue culture specimens were studied from without and within using low‐temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). Blocks obtained from the graft sites of the rat were processed for LM and transmission EM. Long‐term LM observations showed attachment and random orientation of cells on and around the collagen sponge in culture during the first 48 h. Between 7 and 14 days, the majority of the cells adjacent to the sponge were orientated at right angles to its margin with their long axes approximately parallel to each other. The LTSEM revealed that large numbers of HGF and HPLF grew onto the collagen sponges, but no cellular penetration to the middle of the sponge was seen. LM and TEM of the rat specimens showed a cellular reaction to the collagen graft, as well as slow resorption, and fibroblast invasion of the graft at 6–8 weeks. It was concluded that the human collagen graft was biocompatible with HGF and HPLF, with penetration first observed at 42 days post‐implantation. In the in vivo study, the collagen underwent slow resorption over a pe

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of 4075 14‐year‐old children from secondary schools throughout England was made to obtain information about toothbrushing frequency, motivation for mouth care, and self‐esteem. Subjects completed a questionnaire, anonymously, in class. Toothbrushing frequency was found to increase significantly with increasing self‐esteem in males (P<0.0001) and females (P<0.05). However, there was no consistent variation with self‐esteem in those brushing 3‐or more times per day, in either sex. There was a significant variation in the main reason given for mouth care between the sexes (P<0.0001); proportionately more females (67%) than males (57%) gave cleanliness or cosmetic effect as the principal reason for mouth care. A variation was observed in the mean reason given for mouth care with self‐esteem in females (P<0.05), but not in males. However, in both sexes, as self‐esteem improved, there was a consistent increase in the proportions of individuals who brushed their teeth to make themfeelclean. These findings suggest there may be a positive relationship between self‐esteem and toothbrushing behaviour and motivation for mouth ca

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate alterations of the alveolar bone level over a 10‐year period at tooth sites with “angular” and “even” patterns of bone loss, in subjects who were not exposed to systematic periodontal therapy. A further objective was to evaluate whether the presence of an angular defect can serve as a predictor of additional bone loss. 201 subjects in ages 25–70 years were examined radiographically on 2 occasions 10 years apart. 194 were dentate on the 2nd examination. The radiographic bone height at the mesial and distal aspect of all teeth was assessed by measuring the distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and the bone crest. The morphologic pattern of alveolar bone loss at baseline was assessed for each tooth site. Angular defects were classified as degree 1, 2 and 3, according to increasing defect depth. The change in periodontal bone height over the 10‐year period was calculated for each site. The results demonstrated an increased frequency of tooth loss among teeth showing presence of an angular bony defect at baseline; whereas 13% of the teeth with an even pattern of bone loss were lost between the 2 examinations, this proportion was 22%, 46% and 68% for teeth with an angular defect of degree 1, degree 2 and degree 3, respectively. Longitudinal bone loss of 2 mm occurred more often among sites showing an angular defect when compared to sites with an even alveolar bone morphology. Multiple regression analysis revealed a statistically significant increased longitudinal bone loss for tooth sites with angular defects, even though the individual subject's overall past experience of alveolar bone loss and the particular tooth site initial degree of bone loss were taken into account. With an overall incidence of additional bone loss of ≥ 2 mm of 23%, presence of an angular bony defect at baseline predicted longitudinal bone loss with 8% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 28% predictive value for the positive test and 77% predictive value for the negative test. It was concluded that, in absence of systematic periodontal therapy, the presence of an angular bony defect entails an increased risk for further a

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinical responses of facial grade II molar furcations to closed (C) versus open (O) debridement were evaluated. 25 teeth were treated at baseline (BL) with scaling/root planing (S/RP) and evaluated at 4 months. 12 of the teeth were then treated with open flap debridement and the remaining teeth were treated with further S/RP. Clinical parameters of plaque, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, gingival fluid flow, pocket depth and probing attachment level were taken at BL, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 months. Pairwise differences were determined between visits and a Z‐test was applied to differences for C and O. For both treatment groups, the greatest changes in clinical parameters occurred from BL–4 months. Plaque and gingival inflammation showed a gradual reduction from BL throughout the study for both groups. A reduction in pocket depth from BL–16 months was noted in both groups (mid‐furcal, C= 1.5 mm, O= 1.2 mm; root prominence, C= 1.02 mm, O = 0.84 mm)! There was a gain in probing attachment level in the midfurcal area for the C group (0.6 mm) while the O group lost (−0.46 mm). There were no statistically significant differences found for any clinical parameter between closed and open debridement. The presence of plaque and bleeding at a furcal site had not significant effect on treatment

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOrthodontic tooth extrusion is used at crown lengthening procedures or in conjunction with periodontal therapy aimed at eliminating or reducing angular bone defects. A technique for orthodontic extrusion combined with resection of the supracrestal attachment fibers (fiberotomy) was recently proposed as an adjunct to certain restorative procedures. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze reactions of the periodontal tissues to orthodontic extrusion when combined with fiberotomy. In 5 beagle dogs, the mesial roots of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th hemisected mandibular premolar were used as target roots while the distal roots served as reference units. After a baseline examination, an orthodontic extrusion device (stent) was installed and reactivated at 2‐week intervals during an 8‐week period of active tooth movement. Immediately following the installation of the stent and once every 2nd week, the target roots were exposed to fiberotomy. After the active period, the teeth were retained in their new position for a period of 8 weeks. Clinical, radiographical and histological measurements were performed. The results from the investigation demonstrated that orthodontic extrusion combined with supracrestal fiberotomy resulted in a coronal displacement of the tooth and was associated with pronounced recession of the gingival margin and extensive loss of connective tissue attachment. The degree of gingival recession and the amount of loss of connective tissue attachment were, however, less extensive than the amount of tooth extrusion. Thus, repeated fiberotomy obviously failed to entirely prevent coronal migration of the attachment apparatus. It was also observed that undesired attachment loss had occurred at the reference ro

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plaque‐reducing effect of a chewing gum containing hydrogen peroxide was assessed. 12 dental hygienist students participated in a double‐blind 3 × randomly crossed‐over study. During the 4‐day test periods, from Monday to Friday, no oral hygiene measures were allowed other than chewing 2 pieces of gum for approximately 10 min 5 × daily. The 800 mg pieces of gum were V6 + regular (V6+) containing 0.4 g sorbitol and 6.3 mg hydrogen peroxide, V6 placebo gum (PLAC) containing 0.45 g sorbitol and no hydrogen peroxide, and only the gum base (GB) as a negative control. The quantity of plaque was assessed using the plaque index and the visible plaque index, and by scraping “all” plaque off the teeth in half the mouth during 2.5 min for determination of plaque wet weight. With all 3 measurements, chewing of the hydrogen peroxide‐releasing gum (V6+) resulted in significantly lower plaque increments, from Monday to Friday, than chewing of the gum base (P<0.05). Chewing of the V6 placebo gum (PLAC) resulted in plaque scores which differed from neither those recorded after use of the hydrogen peroxide releasing (V6+) nor the placebo (GB) gums. The observed plaque‐growth inhibiting effect of the hydrogen peroxide‐releasing chewing gum in the present study was found to be of limited cl

ISSN:0303-6979    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1991.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY