摘要:

Waxy (essentially amylose-free) maize starch was chemically modified to varying degrees by treatment with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC), and the degree of cationic modification was determined by a standard wet chemistry method. FT-Raman spectra of the modified starches were taken, and a characteristic Raman band ∼761 cm−1was found. This 761 cm−1Raman band's intensity depended on the level of cationic modification of the starch. The ratio of intensity of the ∼761 cm−1band to a ∼715 cm−1C-C stretch Raman band (used as an internal standard) was plotted versus the amount of cationic modification derived by titration analysis, and a linear fit was obtained with a correlation of 0.998. The FT-Raman spectroscopy method presented here demonstrates a rapid non-destructive way to determine the level of cationic modification of waxy maize starch, and should be suitable for use with cationic modified starches of any amylose content.

ISSN:0003-2719    

DOI:10.1080/00032719908543026

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Atomic Absorption Spectrometric methods (AAS) developed for the direct determination of Ca and Mg using flame-AAS technique have linear ranges of 0.1-2.0 μg/ml and 0.025-0.4 μg/ml with thorium concentrations optimized at 2.5 and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively, while the analytical range obtained for Sb using electrothermal-AAS technique is 0.002-0.1 μg/ml with Th sample aliquot of 2.5 mg/ml. The precision of determinations for both the techniques as evaluated from analyses of synthetic samples is 5% RSD or better. Probable mechanism for atom formation for Sb has been discussed in detail. In addition, role of chemical modifiers in enhancing the analyte signal has also been discussed.

ISSN:0003-2719    

DOI:10.1080/00032719908543027

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A couple of stabilized calix[6]cryptand steroisomers were synthesized by capping 1,3,5-trimethoxy-p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene with 1,1,1-tri(tosyloxyethoxyethoxymethyl)-propane and used as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. Their chromatographic characteristics and separation mechanism for aromatic positional isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed.

ISSN:0003-2719    

DOI:10.1080/00032719908543028

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A solid phase extraction (SPE) system has been modified with cationic surfactants and evaluated for extraction and preconcentration of trace phenolic compounds contaminants in water at low ppb concentrations. Cationic surfactants such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) has been steadily adsorbed on the surface of C-18 bonded silica, and the ionized functional group of the surfactant can then act as an ion–exchange site to attract the ionized phenolic compounds from water samples. The method includes enrichment of the phenolic compounds by the surfactant-loaded solid phase extraction system, followed by elution of the analyte with methylene chloride and derivatization of the phenolic compounds with acetic anhydride. Thirty-two phenolic analytes were identified and quantitatively determined by this method; identification and quantification of the compounds is performed with GC/FID using 2-bromophenol as internal standard. SPME analysis with this method was linear over 3-6 orders of magnitude, with linear correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.96. Experimentally determined FID detection limits ranged from ∼30 ppt for methyl-substituted phenols to ∼0.1ppb for phenol and chloro-substituted phenols. We tested the influence of sample pH, the loading amount of surfactant on the solid phase, and the volume and matrixes of the sample were studied. Absolute recoveries from pure water spiked with 0.2 ppb phenolic compounds were 96 – 103%. The method has been applied to analysis of various natural waters, including ground water, lake water, seawater, and wastewater. Recoveries from ground water, lake water, seawater, and wastewater were 92 – 106%, 75 – 93%, 87 – 103%, 86 – 99%, respectively. Therefore, the new technique proved to be an excellent tool for trace enrichments of phenolic compounds at low ppb concentration of these analytes, from different natural water samples.

ISSN:0003-2719    

DOI:10.1080/00032719908543029

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Compound independent calibration (CIC) can be used to measure stable isotopically labeled molecules and their metabolites. This study was designed to demonstrate that gas chromatography coupled to atomic emission detection and CIC are useful analytical tools for the specific and quantitative determination of13C and15N labeled caffeine and its metabolites. These labeled compounds can be measured by monitoring either13C or15N atomic emission lines and using only one calibration function from one of the analytes. This method can be helpful when it is difficult or impossible to obtain an authentic reference material, which is often the case in metabolic studies.

ISSN:0003-2719    

DOI:10.1080/00032719908543030

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to a set of physico-chemical variables obtained from 41 samples of summer orange juice, in order to reduce the number of variables. Working with the covariance matrix, three components (which explained 98.27% of the variance) were taken. With the correlation matrix, four components which explained: 85.65% of the variance were taken. With the scores corresponding to both matrixes a principal component regression (PCR) was carried out against the dependent variable of Brix grades, so as to obtain two statistical models that would allow the detection of adulterations in pure orange juice, based on dilution and later masking by the addition of sugar. The models were tested with simulated dilutions of 41 samples of juice, to assess the effectiveness of each for the detection of adulterations. Both models turned out to be equally effective, detecting adulterations starting from about 15 % of dilution.

ISSN:0003-2719    

DOI:10.1080/00032719908543031

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1999

数据来源: Taylor