摘要:

Hyperprolactinemia is a common clinical disorder that may lead to sexual dysfunction or galactorrhea.It may arise from a variety of etiologies, including the use of antipsychotic agents, presumably because of a dopamine receptor blockade. This analysis was designed to characterize the relationship between risperidone, serum prolactin levels, and possible clinical sequelae. All data from randomized, double-blind studies of risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia were analyzed. The two largest studies (the North American and multinational trials) included 841 patients (259 women, 582 men) with paired prolactin level data and 1,884 patients (554 women, 1,330 men) with data on six adverse events possibly associated with increased prolactin levels (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and decreased libido in women; erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, gynecomastia, and decreased libido in men). Both risperidone and haloperidol produced dose-related increases in plasma prolactin levels in men and women. Among women, the risperidone dose was not correlated with adverse events, nor were the adverse events correlated with endpoint prolactin levels. Among men, the incidence of adverse events was positively correlated with risperidone dose; however, at risperidone doses of 4 to 10 mg/day the incidence of adverse events was not significantly higher than that observed in patients receiving placebo. Furthermore, adverse events in men were unrelated to plasma prolactin levels. Risperidone-associated increase in serum prolactin levels was not significantly correlated to the emergence of possible prolactin-related side effects. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:57-61)

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Olanzapine's structural similarities to clozapine and the results of premarketing clinical trials suggested potential usefulness in treating patients with treatment-refractory psychoses. Sixteen inpatients from the state hospital with severe, refractory schizophrenic or schizoaffective psychoses received olanzapine in a prospective, 12-week, open-label trial. The olanzapine dose was 10 mg/day for at least the first 6 weeks and never exceeded 20 mg/day. Mood stabilizers and other antipsychotic agents were discontinued before olanzapine was started. Patients frequently became more agitated within the first several weeks of initiating treatment, requiring the increased use of benzodiazepines and often leading to the discontinuation of olanzapine. Two patients improved significantly. Overall, significant clinical improvement was noted only for motor side effects. This study concluded that olanzapine was not effective in this heterogeneous group with chronic, severe, treatment-resistant psychosis when used in this manner. Further research is needed to explain the tendency toward agitation upon transition to olanzapine, which is reminiscent of reported risperidone complications. Clinicians should be alert for this complication and should minimize concomitant medication changes that might add to the risk of emergent agitation. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:62-66)

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sexual problems are highly prevalent in both men and women and are affected by, among other factors, mood state, interpersonal functioning, and psychotropic medications.The incidence of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction is difficult to estimate because of the potentially confounding effects of the illness itself, social and interpersonal comorbidities, medication effects, and design and assessment problems in most studies. Estimates of sexual dysfunction vary from a small percentage to more than 80%. This article reviews current evidence regarding sexual side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Among the sexual side effects most commonly associated with SSRIs are delayed ejaculation and absent or delayed orgasm. Sexual desire (libido) and arousal difficulties are also frequently reported, although the specific association of these disorders to SSRI use has not been consistently shown. The effects of SSRIs on sexual functioning seem strongly dose-related and may vary among the group according to serotonin and dopamine reuptake mechanisms, induction of prolactin release, anticholinergic effects, inhibition of nitric oxide synthetase, and propensity for accumulation over time. A variety of strategies have been reported in the management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, including waiting for tolerance to develop, dosage reduction, drug holidays, substitution of another antidepressant drug, and various augmentation strategies with 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 (5-HT2), 5-HT3, and [small alpha, Greek]2adrenergic receptor antagonists, 5-HT1Aand dopamine receptor agonists, and phosphodiesterase (PDE5) enzyme inhibitors. Sexual side effects of SSRIs should not be viewed as entirely negative; some studies have shown improved control of premature ejaculation in men. The impacts of sexual side effects of SSRIs on treatment compliance and on patients' quality of life are important clinical considerations. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:67-85)

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Food and Drug Administration approved the use of buspirone for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in 1986.Since then, numerous studies have examined the efficacy and safety of buspirone for patients with not only generalized feelings of anxiety, but also panic disorder, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, social phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced adverse events, dementia, behavioral disturbances, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and tobacco dependency. Although relatively few placebo-controlled trials have been conducted on patients with problems other than GAD, an ever-growing body of research suggests future directions for the use of buspirone. This article reviews the body of research relating to new uses for buspirone. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:86-93)

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID