ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A very large number of therapeutic trials of antidepressant drugs have been reported in the scientific literature.Until now, the comparison of one drug with another, or with placebo, has been performed typically by comparing the scores on depression rating scales of the two groups of patients at fixed points of time after the beginning of therapy. It was postulated in 1989 that the curves of the recovery scores followed an exponential curve of the formula y = ae-bx+ c.This hypothesis was tested in a double-blind controlled trial of the antidepressant minaprine, with the use of the scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). We found that the correlation coefficient, Pearson's r, between the log of the HAM-D value and the week number of the study was -0.99. This gives a coefficient of determination of 0.98, which makes it clear that the model adequately fits the data. We conclude that the use of the formula gives a method of testing the statistical significance of the difference between treatments as a valuable alternative to traditional tests. We believe that this would give a much more sensitive discrimination between treatments because all of the data points are used to calculate a single parameter-the slope of the curve. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:420-424).

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are now considered the first-line treatment for depression, but they have not been well studied in bipolar disorder. Recently, some authors have recommended that patients at risk for antidepressant-induced mania be treated with SRIs rather than tricyclic antidepressnats (TCAs). Clinical information about 11 patients who developed mania during treatment with SRIs is described. These patients were found to have personal or family histories of hypomania or mania, but these disorders were not usually recognized at the time of the patients' initial treatment for depression. The SRI-induced manic episodes were also quite severe, having psychotic features or requiring patients to be secluded for extreme agitation, but patients responded completely to antimanic treatment. The risk of treatment-emergent mania with SRIs is not trivial, especially among patients at risk for bipolar disorder. Additional research is needed to compare the actual rate of drug-induced mania with SRIs and TCAs in patients with different bipolar subtypes, while controlling for concurrent antimanic drug use. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:425-427).

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of a moderate dose of ethanol (0.55 g/kg of body weight), administered 6 hours before scheduled bedtime, on performance, nocturnal sleep, and the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) was investigated in 10 healthy, middle-aged men (mean age: 61.6 +/- 0.9 years). By the beginning of the sleep episode, breath-ethanol concentrations had declined to zero in all subjects. Compared with the control condition (mineral water), sleep was perceived as more superficial. Sleep efficiency, total sleep time, stage 1, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were reduced. In the second half of the sleep episode, wakefulness exhibited a twofold increase. EEG power density in low delta frequencies was enhanced in non-REM sleep (1.25-2.5 Hz) and REM sleep (1.25-1.5 Hz). In slow wave sleep (i.e., stages 3 + 4), power density was increased not only in the low-frequency range (1.25-1.5, 2.25-4.0, 4.75-5.0 Hz) but also within the alpha (8.25-9.0 Hz) and sigma (12.25-13.0 Hz) band. The data demonstrate that late-afternoon ethanol intake in middle-aged men disrupts sleep consolidation, affects the sleep stage distribution, and alters the sleep EEG. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:428-436).

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We investigated the efficacy of nilvadipine, a calcium channel inhibitor, for psychiatric symptoms and tardive dyskinesia in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia in a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. The total scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale decreased significantly when the patients were on nilvadipine compared with placebo. Improvement was particularly significant in emotional withdrawal and uncooperativeness. Nilvadipine was not effective, however, for tardive dyskinesia. No adverse effects, such as hypotension, occurred. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:437-439).

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of intravenously administered ceruletide, a cholecystokinin (CCK) analogue, on neurophysiologic signs of stimulus processing was tested in 16 young (19-28 years) and 16 aged (70-86 years) healthy subjects. Placebo or 2.6 micro gram ceruletide was infused within 30 minutes according to a double-blind within-subject crossover design. Thereafter, auditory event-related brain potential (AERP) responses to stimuli of an "oddball" task (including the random presentation of frequent standard tones and rare target tones) were recorded. Amplitudes of the P2, P3, and SW components of the AERP were reduced in aged subjects (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.01, respectively), and latencies (from stimulus onset) of the N2 and P3 components were prolonged (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Together, these changes indicate impaired cognitive processing capabilities in aged compared with young subjects. Ceruletide enhanced P3 and also the subsequent slow-wave (SW) component that occurs 500 to 700 ms poststimulus in young subjects (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The peptide did not at all affect AERPs in the elderly subjects. Results demonstrate the capability of ceruletide after systemic administration to enhance central nervous system indicators of cognitive processing such as P3 and SW in young subjects. However, despite the clear effect of the CCK analogue in young subjects, it remained ineffective in the group of aged subjects and, thus, failed to compensate for the decline in AERP signs of working memory functioning in the elderly subjects. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:440-445)

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report notes the incidence and quality of paraesthesiae related to treatment with risperidone, as well as potential implications for treatment.Possible pathophysiologic explanations are offered. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:446-448).

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

50 msec by 30% (p <0.002), decreased the root-mean-square successive difference by 17% (p <0.02), and decreased the natural logarithm of high-frequency power by 6% (p < 0.03). The significant heart rate increase and HPV decreases demonstrate vagolytic effects of LZ in healthy subjects during 24 hours of normal physiologic activity. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:449-453).

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lesopitron, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A agonist, is a new potential anxiolytic of the azapirone class. It has greater potency in animal models of anxiety than buspirone, gepirone, or ipsapirone, and it lacks the antidopaminergic effects associated with buspirone. Lesopitron has been tolerated at single doses up to 50 mg and repeated dosages of 45 mg/day in healthy volunteers. Forty-two patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were enrolled in this double-blind bridging study to determine the safety and tolerability of fixed doses of lesopitron (20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60 mg two times a day) over a 6 1/2-day inpatient administration period. Each of the seven panels included six patients (four drug/two placebo). One patient in the 25-mg, two-times-a-day panel voluntarily withdrew because of increased anxiety symptoms. One patient experienced severe orthostatic hypotension at 60 mg two times a day, and moderate to severe adverse events (dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, headache) occurred in two other patients at this dosage. The most commonly reported adverse events in all the panels were headache, dizziness, and nausea. Lesopitron is rapidly absorbed in patients, having a time to maximum concentration (Tmax) ranging from 0.5 to 1 hour, and its elimination half-life ranged from 1.1 to 5.6 hours. Peak plasma concentrations showed high interindividual variability for lesopitron, but increased linearly with dose for the main metabolite, 5-hydroxylesopitron. We defined the maximum tolerated dose in GAD patients as 50 mg two times a day, twice as high as the highest dose tested in healthy volunteers. (J Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;16:454-458).

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1996

数据来源: OVID