ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The interaction between lorazepam (1.0 mg) and low doses of alcohol (1/6 or 1/2 gill of vodka, equal to 6.5 or 19.6 g, respectively) was investigated in a variety of performance tests using a double-blind crossover design. The effects on mood ratings and bodily symptoms were also studied. The subjects were normal student volunteers. Lorazepam significantly impaired performance in a digit symbol substitution test and in number and verbal learning tasks. In the latter, long term recall was also impaired. Alcohol increased subjects' simple reaction time. Self-ratings of sedation were significantly increased by both lorazepam and alcohol alone, and these sedative effects were additive when the drugs were combined. Both lorazepam and alcohol had anxiolytic effects when taken alone, but when combined they made subjects more anxious than they were on placebo. This anxi-ogenic action of the drug combination was found on two occasions under test conditions where significantly different levels of state-anxiety were observed. These results suggest that benzodiazepine treatment should not be combined with even small quantities of alcohol because of the risk of both psychomotor impairment and possible anxiogenic effects.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

For hypnotics in which a fast elimination phase dominates the plasma decay, the initial fall in concentration from the peak value may nevertheless be slower than that of compounds with a sustained and rapid distribution. Drugs with fast elimination may therefore improve sleep throughout the rest period, even though residual sequelae, if any, around awakening will disappear rapidly.In the context of the balance between efficacy and residual effects, the activity of two imidazobenzodiazepines, loprazolam (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg) and midazolam (10, 20, and 30 mg), each with fast elimination (about 6 and 2 hours, respectively) has been studied in healthy men with sleep electroencephalography, measures of performance, and assessments of mood. Loprazolam may be appropriate when a sustained hypnotic effect is required and when some residual activity is acceptable, while midazolam is likely to be suitable for those involved in skilled activity and may be useful in the management of sleep disturbance associated with shift work.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Medical literature concerning sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant drug therapy in men is reviewed. Available information consists mainly of individual case reports or small series of cases. A complicating factor in understanding this area is the lack of sufficient information concerning sexual dysfunction associated with depression. Both erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory problems have been reported with the use of the clinically available antidepressants. No single agent seems to be implicated more frequently than the other drugs. Changes in libido have also been reported. The authors found no reported cases of priapism, which has been reported as a side effect of antipsychotic therapy.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 48 anxious outpatients with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of treatment with bromazepam (18 mg/day), diazepam (15 mg/day), or placebo, after a 1-week washout period. From week 1 onward both active drugs were superior to placebo in relieving anxiety symptoms. Bromazepam was found to be significantly more effective than diazepam with respect to the somatic anxiety factor and the total score for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the fear/anxiety factor of the Patient's Self-Rating Symptom Scale. Plasma concentrations of diazepam plus active metabolites were correlated significantly (r= 0.60,p< 0.05) with the percentage reduction in self-rating anxiety scores. Bromazepam plasma concentration measurements showed greater variability than those of diazepam and were not found to be correlated significantly with clinical response. It is suggested that the use of strict diagnostic criteria (1978 draft of the third edition ofDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), adequate sample sizes, and a 4-week study period gave increased sensitivity for the detection of significant differences between the two benzodiazepines.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Psychomotor effects of diazepam, 5 and 10 mg, were compared to placebo in 30 highly anxious, nonpsychotic outpatients and age and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Diazepam did not reduce anxiety according to psychiatrists' ratings, but 10 mg of diazepam three times a day reduced the scores of the self-rated visual analogue scale for anxiety compared to placebo. Diazepam, 5 mg, was devoid of adverse psychomotor effects, but diazepam, 10 mg, impaired tracking and divided attention task performance in patients and volunteers alike. Plasma, erythrocyte, and saliva diazepam andN-desmethyldiazepam concentrations did not correlate with the impairment of psychomotor skills over time.

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0271-0749    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID