摘要:

We examined the prevalence of urolithiasis in 5574 men and women employees in 21 industrial plants in Israel who were screened for cardiovascular risk factors between 1985 and 1987 (the CORDIS Study). Among the data gathered were previous physician diagnosis of urolithiasis and ergonomic and demographic data. Urolithiasis was much more frequent in men than in women (age-adjusted prevalence of 4.5% in men and 1.2% in women, P <.0001). Older subjects had higher prevalence than young subjects. There were ethnic differences, and the highest prevalence was in subjects of European origin. Of the occupational factors, only industrial sector was related to prevalence of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis was more frequent among employees in wood industries than in other sectors (P <.05). We concluded that there is an effect of industrial sector on the prevalence of urolithiasis. To determine the cause and magnitude of the association of wood industries with increased prevalence of urolithiasis, ergonomic and chemical factors should be investigated.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A retrospective case-control study into the risk factors for injury during basic military training was conducted at the Recruit Training Unit, Royal Australian Air Force Base Edinburgh, South Australia. Case subjects were recruits suffering a musculoskeletal injury during the course, severe enough to result in backcoursing (being delayed and joining a later course) and usually requiring the loss of 5 days of training. Control subjects were 629 recruits selected randomly from recruits who were not case subjects from the same period of Jan 1, 1985 to Dec 31, 1990.Two hundred thirty-eight cases were identified (2.7% of the recruit population), of which 123 were overuse-type injuries and 115 acute-type injuries. Most injuries occurred in the first 2 weeks of training.Bivariate and logistic regression analysis of possible risk factors for injury was conducted, both for all case subjects and for the subgroup of case subjects with overuse injuries. Statistically significant associations were identified for female gender, body mass index >26.9, winter training, a history of lower limb injury, and the presence of a lower limb deformity. All these associations were stronger for overuse injury, and preenlistment physical activity was also significantly associated with overuse injury. No significant association was found for height, weight, age, smoking, or gender makeup of courses. Most striking was a large rise in overuse injury incidence in women over the period of study, from 0.2% in 1985 to 8.8% in 1990. Reasons for this increase may include “social pathogenesis.”

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This investigation examined the associations between exercise habits, measures of physical fitness, and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (CVD10, expressed as %) among 470 law enforcement officers of differing ages (range = 21 to 63 y). Only 32% of this group exercised regularly (≥3 days/week, ≥20 min/session, ≥preceding 4 weeks). Only exercising subjects >48 years old exhibited a significantly (P < .01) lower 10-year risk of a CVD event than their inactive peers (12.2 ± 5.6 vs 16.3 ± 6.9%, mean ± SD). At all ages, the peak oxygen consumption per unit time was higher (50.1 ± 6.7 vs 44.8 ± 6.1 mL.kg−1.min−1) in the exercising than in the nonexercising group. Exercising subjects ≤36 years old were significantly (P < .05) leaner than nonexercisers (16.3 ± 5.5 vs 19.6 ± 5.5% body fat, respectively) and had greater muscular endurance (45 ± 9 vs 40 ± 9 60s sit-ups, respectively). These data suggest that exercise reduces CVD risk by modifying major CVD risk factors only in law enforcement officers >48 years old.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The etiology of adult-onset asthma is incompletely understood. Highintensity exposure to irritants is one accepted risk factor and such cases are termed Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome. The contribution to asthma of less intense and less acute exposure to irritants remains to be clarified. We report on 10 cases of nonsensitization adult-onset asthma in settings of exposure to noticeable but distinctly “tolerable” levels of inhalation irritants. This series of 10 cases represent 31% of verified asthma cases seen in our environmental and occupational medicine referral clinic over a 5-year period. We believe further exploration of this phenomenon of low dose Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome is warranted.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID