ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To determine whether the carcinogenicity of dinitrotoluene (DNT) in rodent bioassays was predictive for humans, we examined the mortality experience of exposed workers at two ammunition plants. Cohorts of 156 and 301 men who had worked a month or more during the 1940s and 1950s at jobs with opportunity for substantial DNT exposure were followed through the end of 1980. Numbers of expected deaths and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed, using mortality rates of US white males as the standard. No evidence of a carcinogenic effect was found, but unsuspected excesses of mortality from ischemic heart disease were noted at both plants (SMRs 131 and 143; 95% confidence limits 65 to 234 and 107 to 187, respectively). Deaths from ischemic heart disease remained high even when compared with expected numbers derived using mortality rates of the counties in which the plants were located. Additional analyses revealed evidence of a 15-year latent period and suggested a relationship with duration and intensity of exposure. Epidemiologic investigations of other heavily exposed populations are needed to confirm the etiologic significance of the association between DNT and heart disease described here.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To assess the effect of asbestos on the airways, researchers studied 45 shipyard workers who were lifelong nonsmokers and had asbestos-related abnormalities seen on their chest roentgenograms. Patients with interstitial lung disease, bronchial asthma prior to asbestos exposure, recurrent pneumonias, or significant cardiovascular disease were excluded from the study. In addition to chest films, they had spirometry performed before and after bronchodilator inhalation, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and arterial blood gases. Forced vital capacity and forced expired volume in one second were normal in all patients. Maximum midexpiratory flow rates (MMFR) were abnormal (MMFR less than 75% of predicted) in 13 patients (29%). Therefore, 29% of lifetime nonsmokers with asbestos exposure exhibited evidence of small airways dysfunction. An abnormal MMFR in these workers may be due, in part, to asbestos exposure and could conceivably indicate a population at risk for pulmonary fibrosis and/or obstructive airways disease.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The occupational risk of acquiring acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus infection in health workers exposed to AIDS patients and specimens was assessed by a serologic study at San Francisco General Hospital and collaborating research laboratories. A total of 101 medical workers without risk factors for AIDS were examined for antibodies to two isolates of the AIDS retrovirus (AIDS-associated retrovirus 2 [ARV-2] and human T cell lymphotropic virus III). Most had heavy, long-term exposure to AIDS patients and 29 had been exposed by needlestick or mucocutaneous accident. None of the 101 had antibodies to ARV-2 by immunofluorescence or to HTLV-III by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blot.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Visual display terminals (VDTs) are in widespread and continuously increasing: use by a large number of people. Several physical factors may affect an operator's performance and health. These include visual factors such as display characteristics, image quality, resolution, stability, color, polarity, luminance, and contrast, as well as lighting conditions and indoor climate. Work station design and layout play the most critical role in eliminating sources of postural problems. Exposure of the operators to various radiations that may be produced by VDTs is not expected to have any health implications, as the levels of emissions are very low. Musculoskeletal effects and visual fatigue can usually be successfully controlled through proper design and use of work stations.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID