ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 2-year study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a health promotion program on the work-related attitudes of employees. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control groups. The change in employee attitudes at companies that participated in the program was significantly greater and more favorable than that found at nonparticipating companies. Significant change was found on attitudes toward organizational commitment, supervision, working conditions, job competence, pay and fringe benefits, and job security.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of spermatogenesis recovery among 30 azoospermic and 17 oligospermic workers who had a maximum of 18 months of exposure to 1,2-dibromo-3-ohloropropane during 1976 to 1977. A maximum of 11 years of follow-up data were examined. Of the 26 azoospermic subjects who voluntarily participated in follow-up, 19 (73.0%) showed evidence of spermatogenesis recovery. Thirteen azoospermic subjects recovered to normospermic levels; however, their mean most recent sperm count (44.4 million/mL) was significantly lower (P < .01) than the mean (88.8 million/mL) of the 17 oligospermic subjects who recovered to normospermic levels. The lack of spermatogenesis recovery was definitively shown to be job (drumming and canning) and, possibly, age related. Duration of exposure and the initial 1977 categorization of exposure (high, moderate, and low) were not predictive of recovery. Testicular atrophy was observed with azoospermia, and the testicles subsequently increased in size among those azoospermic subjects who returned to normospermic levels. The follicle-stimulating hormone level in 1977 was significantly associated with azoospermia as well as the likelihood of return to normospermia among the azoospermic subjects.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although a shortage of occupational medicine experts has been suggested, no accurate enumeration of actively practicing physicians who are Board-certified in occupational medicine is available. A survey of all such physicians and recent occupational medicine residency graduates was conducted to determine practice type and level of activity. Older physicians tended to practice in industry-based settings, whereas younger physicians were more likely situated in clinic settings serving a variety of employees. Projecting from our responses, we estimate that abut 650 occupational medicine specialists were actively practicing at the time of the survey and that about half are available to the community physician for consultation. Fewer than two thirds of recent residency graduates had pursued Board certification; this trend will lead to a gradual decline in the number of Board-certified occupational physicians.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Detailed clinical interviews focusing on depression and alcohol abuse/dependence were conducted with 1870 managers and professionals drawn from a major US corporation. Among men, the lifetime and 1-year prevalence rates of DSM-III-R major depression were 23% and 9%, respectively. Among women, the rates were 36% and 17%, respectively. Lifetime and 1-year prevalence rates of DSM-III-R alcohol abuse/ dependence were 16% and 4% for men, and 9% and 4% for women. Imposing a requirement that alcohol-related symptoms cluster together in time reduced the lifetime and 1-year prevalence rates to 11% and 3% for men and 5% and 2% for women. The odds ratio for the lifetime occurrence of depression and alcohol abuse/dependence with such clustering was 2.28. The three most important risk factors for depression were being female, separated or divorced, and having a family history of depression. For alcohol abuse/dependence, the most important risk factors were being male, unmarried, and having a family history of alcoholism. Manager/professional status, length of employment, hours worked per day, and supervisory responsibility were not statistically associated with either DSM-III-R major depression or alcohol abuse/dependence.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Ascertaining cases from a population-based tumor registry in which registration of primary lung cancer is virtually complete, we have consistently found that 40% to 50% of male lung cancer patients were farmers. We interviewed 273 newly diagnosed men and compared their occupational exposures, medical history and smoking characteristics to those of 187 male randomly selected community control subjects.We found that more of the control subjects were farmers (53.6%v41.4%), that the control subjects tended to have larger farms (P<.05), and that more control subjects spilled chemicals on their hands or clothing (47%v28%,P< .01) and had an accidental inhalation of a chemical directly into the lung (54%v33%,P< .005). We report an absence of correlation of lung cancer risk with occupational exposure to any specific pesticide or pesticides grouped by chemical composition. Adjusting for smoking pack-years or extent of pesticide use did not alter our preadjustment conclusions.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An essential part of a carefully designed drug testing program is the Medical Review Officer's review of chain-of-custody forms and laboratory results. A positive drug test result does not necessarily identify a substance abuser. Federal drug testing regulations require that positive test results be reviewed and interpreted by the Medical Review Officer. Technical and administrative procedures can assure confidentiality and virtually eliminate the chance of persons being wrongfully characterized as using illicit substances.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nurses, nurses' aides, and orderlies are among the occupational groups at highest risk for back injury. The Kaiser Permanente Northwest Region developed a Back Injury Prevention Project (BIPP) to try to reduce the back injury rate among these groups. To obtain early data on program effectiveness, we developed an instrument, the BIPP Transfer Evaluation, to evaluate patient-handling tasks. Use of the BIPP Transfer Evaluation during the BIPP pilot study revealed a 19% ± 5% SE (P= .0003) improvement in the quality of patient transfer in the intervention group. The BIPP Transfer Evaluation is an inexpensive way to get early, objective information about the quality of an intervention to reduce back injuries among nurses, nurses' aides, and orderlies.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID