ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The Occupational Medical Forum presents questions of general interest received by the AOMA Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, Answers usually are prepared by the Committee, representing the composite best judgment of its members. Such replies do not necessarily represent an official position of the American Occupational Medical Association. In some cases, the responses will be prepared at the Committee's request by consultants with special qualifications in specific fields. Questioners are not named. Readers who wish to submit questions to the Committee should address inquiries to: Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, American Occupational Medical Association, 2340 S. Arlington Heights Rd., Arlington Heights, IL 60005.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Fumes from solder flux have been shown to cause asthma among solderers in a British electronics factory. In the present study, questionnaires and lung spirometry were administered to 104 U.S. electronics workers (93 women, 11 men) who soldered printed circuit boards. Two types of solder flux were used: 68 subjects had worked only with a rosin‐core (colophony) solder; 36 had changed from rosin‐ to an aqua‐core (“phosphorous hexate”) solder 15 months before the study. Symptoms of eye, throat, and nose irritation occurred in nearly half of the total group. Lower respiratory tract symptoms, including cough, phlegm production, and wheezing, also occurred with increased frequency, compared with reported rates among a general population. Similar symptom rates were observed among the aqua‐ and rosin‐core groups. That these symptoms were work related was indicated by the subject's improvement on weekends or during vacation periods. On average, lung spirometry performed before starting work on Monday mornings showed no impairment in lung function; over the course of the work day there were small decrements in the forced expiratory volume at 1 s (mean, −21 ± 11 [SD] ml) and forced vital capacity (−30 ± 145 ml), but these decrements were unrelated to the individual amounts of solder used during the same period. Among the white female workers (N=83), several multivariate analyses indicated that an increase in the amount of soldering had a beneficial effect on lung function, particularly among those who currently smoked. This paradox probably resulted from a “healthy worker effect” resulting from some individuals with lower than average lung function who left the industry early in the course of their employment.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Company medical and benefit records of employees who were enrolled in prepaid health insurance plans (HMOs) in Minneapolis, Washington, D.C., and Seattle were reviewed for hospital and surgical utilization prior to as well as after their enrollment. Comparisons were made for the same calendar periods with closely matched employees who were covered by Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS). The results indicate that after enrollment the HMO subjects at each location had lower rates for hospital and surgical utilization than the BC/BS controls. For the period prior to enrollment, during which time coverage was through BC/BS, the prospective HMO subjects at two locations had lower hospital and surgical utilization than the controls. Possible explanations of this potential self‐selection bias are discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Standardized respiratory disease questionnaires and pulmonary function tests were administered to licensed white male morticians attanding an educational program in Morgantown, W.Va. Detailed occupational histories were obtained; included were estimates of the numbers of bodies personally embalmed. The pulmonary function of morticians compared favorably with that of residential populations in Oregon and Michigan. Among morticians, relatively high exposure was not associated with chronic bronchitis or pulmonary function deficits. The results suggest that long‐term intermittent exposure to low levels of formaldehyde gas exerts no meaningful chronic effect on respiratory health.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID