ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a population-based tumor registry to identify occupational groups at high risk of developing cancer. The study group comprised 6,424 union members residing in the San Francisco/Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) who represent six occupations: abestos workers, bakers, painters, plasterers, plumbers and roofers. Computer linkage of union rosters to the California Tumor Registry (CTR) file identified incident cases of cancer. The CTR's age-sex-year-specific incidence rates were used to calculate the expected number of cancer cases, and estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). The results demonstrate, as expected, increased cancer incidence (SIR=498) for trachea, bronchus, lung and pleura among asbestos workers, a group widely recognized as having high risk for respiratory cancers, and among painters (SIR=199). Strengths and weaknesses of such an approach are discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A recent retrospective mortality study, based on proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs), has shown that blue-collar automotive workers have an excess of approximately 30% in lung cancer deaths over a comparable representation of the general population. This study compares the cigarette smoking habits of automotive workers with those of the general population and assesses the extent to which any smoking habit differences might account for the excess in lung cancer deaths among automotive workers. The results show that when smoking differences are considered, the lung cancer PMR for white male automotive workers declines from 103 to approximately 1.1. These findings suggest that smoking habits of a studied population can affect mortality ratios for lung cancer when the smoking habits of the studied population differ significantly from those of the general population.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A single-blind study was performed on male workers from a primary lead smelter to determine whether a daily oral supplement of vitamin C (1 g vitamin C orally once a day, five times a week for 20 weeks) or zinc (60 mg zinc as zinc gluconate once a day, five times a week for eight weeks) influences the absorption of and the biological (hematological and renal) response to lead. The vitamin C and the zinc study groups comprised 39 and 11 workers, respectively. Their blood levels of lead at the start of the experiment ranged from 28.9 to 76.4 μg/100 ml. A matched control group receiving a placebo was followed simultaneously. The results demonstrate that, in workers whose exposure to inorganic lead is moderate and who do not suffer from nutritional deficiencies, oral supplementaion of vitamin C or zinc does not influence the metabolism and biological action of lead.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The performance of earmuffs in the actual working environment was studied with two modified dosimeters. It was found that personal hearing protection, at least with earmuffs, is a potentially adequate method of protection against noise-induced hearing loss in most industrial working situations. Most of the problems involving the use of hearing protectors in a hearing conservation program can be overcome by education and proper fitting.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Loss of grip is a rateable factor in the determination of permanent disability by compensation boards in some states. Malingerers, or those with psychological rather than organic disability, can voluntarily record lower grip measurements in the so-called injured hand when compared with the normal hand. The purpose here is to provide on objective method of documenting real, as opposed to fictitious, loss of grip. This method utilizes the sealed hydraulic dynamometer which has been adopted by some states as a standard grip measuring device. Its isometric and adjustable features have been utilized in this study to aid in the evaluation of the patient who complains of loss of grip with no objective recordable findings. The patient who is voluntarily attempting to demonstrate weakness of grip will apply the same minimal pressure at each of the adjustable handle positions, producing a straight line graph. In our series of patients thought to be voluntarily applying minimal grip, there has been a variance of 5 lb, or less at each of the handle positions. An objective statement can then be made that the patient did not cooperate with the test through his failure to apply maximal pressure at each dynamometer handle position as instructed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID