ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Occupational medicine came under severe public scrutiny with the passage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. The emphasis in the public's inquiry was not on the technical competence, but on the social responsibility of the corporate and plant physician. Repeatedly, the question was asked: “Whose agent is the occupational physician — the employer's or the employee's?” It is evident that the basic ethical and moral responsibility of all physicians, including occupational physicians, is to safeguard the health of the individual — the worker. There is, however, another consideration — “the health of the enterprise” — in which the employee earns his livelihood and which retains and pays for the services of the occupational physician.The obligation of the occupational physician to the “enterprise” is examined and the areas of conflict and agreement with his professional activities are discussed. If the occupational physician carries out his ethical and professional responsibility, the single greatest disservice he can do to both his employer and to the workers he serves would be his failure to be competent in the areas of modern scientific and technical knowledge needed to diagnose and advise properly on the health of the entire enterprise. Areas of technical competence which a modern occupational physician should master and the means of obtaining this information are explored.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This report presents cytogenetic findings from a group of 209 workers employed for up to 28 years in the manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer at the Texas Division of Dow Chemical U.S.A. Cytogenetic evaluation results from this group were compared to results found in examination of individuals being considered for employment. Statistical analyses were performed on a group basis for chromatid aberrations, chromosome aberrations and proportion of abnormal cells; no statistical difference of significance was found between the two groups. Comparison of these results with reported studies suggests that the level of cytogenetic aberrations in vinyl chloride workers is probably related to the length and level of exposure, and that risk of adverse genetic effect can be avoided in cohtrolled, minimal-exposure environments.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A study of Ohio residents by place of birth identified an increased cancer risk (100% excess) among black migrants born in the South compared with blacks born in Ohio. The migration of blacks from South to North for the purpose of industrial employment was extensive between the years 1940–1970. The hypothesis is that biological and social imprints (poverty, malnutrition, genetics), endemic of the early years of life, provide a physiological imbalance which provides the basis for increased susceptibility to adverse environmental stresses subsequent to migration. Findings consistent with this hypothesis were obtained in a prospective study of steel workers in which 2,543 men in coke plant operations were included, in which a prior high rate for lung cancer had already been established. A strong association was found between place of birth and place of death from lung cancer in the non-white coke plant workers. Examination of these death certificates revealed that 33 of 35 deaths of lung cancer occurred among men born in the South.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Geographical pathology points to environmental factors in cancer and helps estimate their potential magnitude.An occupational contribution was established by. 1972 for cancer of the mouth, lung, bladder, and skin. Additionally, partly based on geographical pathology, an occupational etiology is accepted for some cancer of nasopharyns, brain, liver, pleura, nasal sinus, bone and bone marrow, and possibly stomach.For identifying new occupational factors based on geographical comparisons, both an optimal size of work force to be followed-up and a sufficiently high proportion of work force in the geographical unit's population are necessary. Hypothetical variations based on 30-year follow-up of asbestos workers illustrate this.Cancer surveys and registries can greatly facilitate detection of occupational cancer.Evidence for occupational factors in the geographical pathology of lymphosarcoma is briefly summarized; but no conclusions are reached.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Causes of death for 2,604 members of a union representing printing pressmen were analyzed using the method of proportionate mortality to identify disease conditions occurring with unusual frequency that might be indicative of exposure to hazardous substances in the work environment. Deceased union members were identified from death benefit fund records over the period 1966–1968 and subdivided according to type of printing, i.e., newspaper or commercial. Comparisons were made with the mortality experience of U.S. white males in 1967. Among newspaper pressmen, there was a striking increase in deaths from cancer of the oral cavity at ages under 55 — the average age at death being 46.7 An overall excess of 61% was found for cirrhosis of the liver in the newspaper group, also. Commercial pressmen exhibited a consistent pattern of elevated mortality from coronary heart disease that was evident in each geographic region and in both young and old union members. Significant excesses in deaths from pancreatic cancer at ages 20 to 54 and rectal cancer at ages over 65 were observed among commercial pressmen, also. Although no unusual mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases was seen based on underlying cause of death, newspaper pressmen did have a greater “prevalence at death” of emphysema when compared to commercial pressmen. A small, nonsignificant increase was noted for cancer of the lung and bronchus in both newspaper and commercial pressmen. Mortality from leukemia was slightly greater than expeclation among newspaper pressmen, but not among commercial pressmen. Further study of these occupational groups is desirable to elucidate the findings of this preliminary investigation.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study assesses the energy costs of four selected isolated fire fighting tasks. The four most strenuous fire fighting tasks as judged by the men and their administrators were selected for the study. Twenty male professional fire fighters, ages 23 to 43 years, served as subjects. After the men participated in a series of laboratory evaluation for % body fat, muscular strength and functional capacity (aerobic and anaerobic capacities), they participated in the four specified work tasks (aerial ladder climb, rescue of a “victim,” hose drag, and ladder raise). All tasks were performed at constant predetermined work rates.The results indicate that fire fighting consists of heavy physical work (∼ 60–80% M&OV0312;O2) even when the obvious external stresses present at an actual fire are eliminated (i.e., heat, humidity, decreased O2, increased CO2, as well as emotional stress). With the possible exception of M&OV0312;O2, there appears to be little or no relationship between a number of the physical capacities of the fire fighters and the individual physiological adaptations employed to meet the energy requirements of the tasks. Although M&OV0312;O2values were not significant (P < 0.10 > 0.05), there was an indication that those fire fighters with M&OV0312;FO2's > 40 ml.Kg-1.min.-1might be able to supply a greater percentage of the total O2cost aerobically when compared to those men with M&OV0312;O2< 40 ml.Kg-1.min.-1.It was concluded that the level of physiologic work, alone, is not of sufficient stress to contribute significantly to the development of ischemic heart disease in fire fighters.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID