ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Occupational Medical Forum presents questions of general interest received by the AOMA Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, Answers usually are prepared by the Committee, representing the composite best judgment of its members. Such replies do not necessarily represent an official position of the American Occupational Medical Association. In some cases, the responses will be prepared at the Committee's request by consultants with special qualifications in specific fields. Questioners are not named. Readers who wish to submit questions to the Committee should address inquiries to: Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, American Occupational Medical Association, 2340 S. Arlington Heights Rd., Arlington Heights, IL 60005.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Epidemiological studies suggest an association between excess lung cancer risk and work in ferrous foundries. No causative factors have been identified. The foundry environment is complex, and little is known about the health effects of the levels of known or suspected carcinogens present. As a part of an effort to identify causative factors and to assess current risk, an Ames assay of particulate mutagenicity was undertaken. Mutagenic levels were found to exceed those of urban air and distribution findings were consistent with those of a previous epidemiological study that identified high- and low-risk areas within the foundry. The biological significance of these mutagenic levels is unknown but is under study. A mechanism is suggested to explain current and historical findings.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five hundred routine preemployment urine toxicology examinations were performed on prospective hospital employees in 1981. Thirty-three (6.6%) examinations were positive for one or more of either Valium, barbiturates, amphetamines, phencyclidine or opiates. Only 13 (2.6%) were confirmed to be positive. Of those with confirmed positive results, only one applicant was denied employment. Significantly, that case would have been suspected during the clinical preemployment examination. These results indicate that including a routine urine toxicology screen in a preemployment examination may not be cost-effective.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-seven firemen were divided into three groups. Group A performed one hour of unsupervised exercise three to four times per week. Group C performed similar but supervised exercise, and group B had no exercise program. After 12 weeks group A showed an average increase of 19% in maximal oxygen uptake (V02max); group C, an average increase of 20%; and group B, an average decrease of 2%. One-minute postalarm heart rates showed a correlation with V02max (p=.15). A serious cardiac arrhythmia was found in the oldest fireman. Careful physical screening followed by an on-the-job exercise program increases aerobic reserve. We suggest that postalarm tachycardia is dampened. This may lessen the risk of heart disease occurring in the postalarm period.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Information useful in estimating the occupational fluoride hazard to pregnant women is scanty. Fluoride excretion and balances were determined in 18 young women – seven who were not pregnant, six in early pregnancy (second quarter), and five in late pregnancy (fourth quarter) – over a 20-day'period under confined metabolic conditions. The total fluoride intake averaged 1.35 mg/day (0.35 mg from the diet, 1 mg from a mineral capsule). Urinary fluoride excretion levels for the three groups were similar and averaged 0.95, 1.03, and 1.15 mg/day, respectively. On the average, 88% of the total fluoride excreted was in the urine and the remainder in the feces. With few exceptions, the women in each group demonstrated small positive balances; the averages were + 0.19, + 0.16, and + 0.14 mg/day, respectively. The differences were small and not statistically significant (p > 0.1). These data indicate that fluoride metabolism is not markedly altered during the course of pregnancy.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sperm count distributions among exposed and control groups at a dibromochloropropane (DBCP) manufacturing plant were remarkably similar. Yet reproductive histories from 60 exposed men obtained in conjunction with the semen analyses indicated that fertility had been reduced during exposure. Ratios of observed to expected births or standardized fertility ratios (SFRs) were computed for reproductive experience at parities of I or greater. The SFR for the period at risk from DBCP exposure (SFR = 0.63) was significantly lower than those derived from the entire not-at-risk period (SFR = 1.21) or the portion related to nonexposed employment at the plant preceding exposure (SFR = 1.33). Significant reductions would have been evident at least 18 years prior to the year in which the histories were obtained. The effect on fertility seems to have been greatest during the initial period of DBCP production. Most fertility reduction occurred after 3.5 years of exposure. Fertility returned to normal following cessation of exposure (SFR = 1.18), although it appeared to remain subnormal for about two years. Wherever there is concern about the potential for adverse reproductive effects in the workplace, data suitable for fertility analyses should be collected during annual medical examinations.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID