ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Many organizations are attempting to increase the physical fitness levels of their employees to help stem the rapidly‐increasing employer health costs. Using basic economic concepts and models of human health behaviors, this study finds that the time and effort costs of exercise may exceed the present value of the economic benefits of improved physical fitness. These high costs help explain the small incidence of consistent adult exercise and the lack of in‐house, on‐work‐time employer exercise programs. The study concludes that while health education campaigns may be useful, employers must find ways to reduce the time and effort costs of exercise by making it a low‐cost byproduct of more immediately desired outputs or goals.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This study assessed the utilization of a mandatory preemployment health examination (PEHE) for 507 new fulltime university staff in 1976. A random sample of 126 new employees was interviewed by telephone. Of the 108 (86%) who completed the interview, 80 (74%) had been examined by the staff health service. Notification to take the exam, a reminder, and the employee's perception of its importance were highly associated (p < 0.001) with compliance. Only 30% of the food handlers and maintenance personnel had their PEHE before employment started; the proportion was similar for all new employees (29%). Therefore, although this staff health service was moderately successful in getting most new employees to have a PEHE, if the value of the examination is to be enhanced, more attention must be paid to notifying and reminding all prospective employees. Special consideration is needed to ensure that those in potentially high‐risk jobs are examined prior to employment. The role of the university administration in improving compliance is emphasized.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The Social Security Administration contracts with state agencies to process disability claims filed under the Social Security Act. These state agencies employ physicians and lay adjudicators who secure medical reports from physicians, hospitals and clinics, and use these reports in awarding or denying disability benefits. This nationwide study showed that well over half of the lay adjudicators are involved in developing and interpreting medical information independently. This suggests that appropriate hiring practices, adequate training and certification procedures should be instituted to ensure that the lay disability adjudicators are able to conduct their job efficiently and correctly.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Mortality in workers at a northwestern United States prebake‐type aluminum reduction plant was examined in a historical prospective (cohort) study. Although the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all causes of death was low (86), lung cancer (SMR 117), pancreatic cancer (SMR 180), lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers (SMR 184), fatal benign tumors of the brain (SMR 391), and pulmonary emphysema (SMR 204) showed excess deaths. Analysis of mortality by job‐exposure category, duration of employment and latency suggests that some of the lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers (especially malignant lymphoma), lung cancers and pulmonary emphysema may be of occupational origin in this worker population.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Carpal tunnel syndrome has been reported to occur between two and ten times as frequently in women as in men. It also has been reported that this syndrome is often associated with the performance of certain manual tasks. Such cases can be considered an occupational disease. This study was addressed to the question: Why do some people develop carpal tunnel syndrome while others do not? Two matching female populations, one with a known history of carpal tunnel syndrome and one without a known history of carpal tunnel syndrome, were selected and differences in hand size and work methods were studied. Both populations were employed in the same production sewing jobs. While differences in hand size were not found, use of forceful exertions and of deviated wrists and pinch hand positions — particularly during forceful exertions — were found to be associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Art glassblowing is a profession bringing the lung in close contact with many potential hazards. Forty‐seven art glassblowers with a mean age of 34.5 years answered a questionnaire and had pulmonary function studies performed. While this was generally a young, healthy population, 21% had “usual cough” and 31% had wheezing. Pulmonary functions were most often normal. However, using multiple linear regression analysis, the functions associated with volume, VC and FEV1showed a significant drop with increase in the total lifetime hours exposed to glassblowing. Both the presence of a cough and the production of phlegm were related to hours of exposure. Thus it seems there may be some unknown toxic effect of art glassblowing which in the future may prove to be hazardous to health.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This report summarizes the results of baseline neurologic testing in a group of apparently healthy workers from a secondary lead smelter and a group of controls from nearby aluminum processing plants. The test battery included a standard neurologic examination, nerve conduction measurements, quantitative oculomotor function tests and detailed audiologic studies. Lead workers and controls were intermixed so that the examiners were unaware of the status of any individual being tested. Although the lead workers reported significantly more neurologic symptoms than the controls, relatively few differences were found on quantitative neurologic testing. Decreased deep tendon reflexes occurred more frequently in the lead workers than in the controls (22% vs. 11%) but the difference was of borderline significance (p = 0.06) and other signs of peripheral neuropathy occurred with equal frequency in both groups. The mean motor conduction velocity and sensory latency measurements were not significantly different in the lead workers and in the controls and, of the six oculomotor function measurements, only the mean accuracy of saccadic eye movements was significantly (p < 0.01) different in the two groups. High frequency hearing loss occurred with equal frequency and severity in both groups, consistent with the level of noise exposure in the lead and control plants.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This statement was prepared by the Occupational Medical Practice Committee of the American Occupational Medical Association: Bruce W. Karrh, M.D., Chairman; Bruce H. Bennett, M.D.; Caesar Briefer, M.D.; Robert M. DeuPree, M.D.; William G. Mays, M.D.; James W. Mitchell, M.D.; Robert H. Moore, M.D.; Billie H. Shevick, M.D.; W. Lloyd Wright, M.D. The statement was approved by the AOMA Board of Directors at its meeting April 20‐21, 1979, in Anaheim, Calif.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This statement was prepared by the Energy Technology Committee of the American Occupational Medical Association: Thomas A. Lincoln, M.D., Chairman; Francis J. Kelly, M.D.; Clarence C. Lushbaugh, M.D.; William C. Milroy, M.D.; George L. Voelz, M.D.; Henry L. Wollenweber, M.D. This statement was approved by the AOMA Board of Directors at its meeting April 20‐21, 1979, in Anaheim, Calif.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID