ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eight members of a cardiac surgery team were monitored for a variety of stress indicators. These included self-reports of felt stress, observations of behavior related to ECG activity, and measurements of urinary cortisol and 3- methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid (VMA). Observations were made on 12 separate days spread over a 3-month period. Results indicate moderate to low levels of perceived stress with high levels of satisfaction and high levels of support. ECG data showed wide individual variation; heart rates even during operations were not excessively high (mean, 100 beats per minute). VMA levels were within the normal range. Cortisol levels were above the normal range on 72% of measurements and mean levels were positively related to length of experience. Days when self-perceived stress was reported were associated with higher levels of cortisol but not of VMA. The study failed to support predictions about responses to “active” jobs derived from Karasek's job-strain model

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A prospective longitudinal study of a group of participants in an industrial physical fitness program during a five-year period compares the disability and major medical costs incurred by the subjects before and after entry into the program. The members of the cohort were employees of an insurance company; most were well educated and held sedentary, white-collar jobs. Participation was voluntary and without financial incentives. The group experienced 45.7% reduction in major medical costs in the postentry year, rather than the expected inflationary increase. There was a reduction of 20.1% in the average number of disability days, and a 31.7% reduction in direct disability dollar costs in the one-year postentry period. The average combined savings per participant were $353.38; the average operational cost was $120.60. Results suggest that worksite wellness programs can make a substantial contribution to the reduction of health care and disability costs.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A cohort of 2,133 white males who were exposed to elemental mercury vapors between 1953 and 1963 was followed up through the end of 1978. Death certificates were obtained for 371 of the 378 workers who were reported by the Social Security Administration to be deceased. The mortality experience of this group was compared with the age-adjusted mortality experience of the U.S. white male population. Mortality has not been studied previously in assessing the long-term health effects of mercury exposure. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for a comparable unexposed worker population to determine the mortality patterns among workers at the same plant who were not involved in the mercury process. Statistically significant excesses of deaths from cancer of the lung (SMR = 1.34; 71 observed, 52.9 expected) and cancer of the brain and other CNS tissues (SMR = 2.30; 13 observed, 5.65 expected) were observed among the plant workers who were not involved in the mercury process. An excess of deaths from cancer of the lung was also observed among the mercury workers (SMR = 1.34; 42 observed, 31.36 expected), although the elevation of this SMR was not statistically significant. Since excesses of lung cancer were evident in both groups of workers, it is unlikely that they are related to the mercury exposure and more probable that they are due to some other factor present in the plant or to some life-style factor prevalent among the plant workers. Exposure to mercury vapors at this plant was not related to any excess of deaths from diseases or cancers of organs determined to be target organs for mercury (liver, lung, brain and CNS, and kidney). No excesses were found when level of exposure and length of exposure were considered.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

It is widely recognized that analyzing occupational mortality by calculating standardized mortality ratios based on death rates from the general population is subject to a number of limitations. An alternative approach described in this report takes advantage of the fact that comparisons of mortality by subgroups and assessments of trends in mortality are often of equal or greater interest than overall assessments and that such comparisons do not require an external control. A computer program is available for performing the needed calculations for several diseases. This program provides tests for differences and trends among subcategories defined by variables such as length of employment, job category, or exposure measurements and also provides control for age, calendar year, and several other potentially confounding variables.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a study conducted to determine if the existence of a joint labor-management health and safety committee (HSC) was correlated with either the number of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) complaints or hazardousness, as measured by OSHA serious citations, virtually no effect could be detected in a sample of 127 Massachusetts manufacturing firms. At a sample of 13 firms, interviews of HSC members were conducted. Committee attributes and perceptions about committee effectiveness were compared with the number of OSHA complaints and serious citations. There were fewer complaints and fewer serious citations at firms with HSCs that were perceived as effective. Results of the study suggest that the objective attributes of the committee may be less important to its success than the commitment of management and labor to solving workplace safety problems.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although the effects of spirometric leaks on forced expiratory tracings have been noted in retrospect in epidemiologic studies, the present study was designed to examine the effects of leaks of known size on the tracings of subjects with varying degrees of airway obstruction. Such information is needed to assess the potential impact of spirometric leaks on epidemiologic studies using existing spirograms collected in the absence of spirometer leak tests. Spirometric leaks of 5 to 9, 22 to 30, 34 to 46, 69 to 97, and 150 to 190 ml/s were produced by drilling holes of five sizes into spirometer mouthpieces. Eight subjects were studied, of whom five had FEV1/FVC of 0.70 or greater (“normal”), and three had FEV1/FVC of less than 0.70 (“obstructed”). Although leaks of 34 to 46 ml/s or less were found to be invisible in the forced expiratory tracings, they caused statistically significant (p < .05) FVC decrements in all eight subjects, with a mean decrement of -0.35 I in the normal subjects and -0.79 I in the obstructed subjects. In contrast, the 34 to 46 ml/s leaks caused no significant FEV1decrement in seven of the eight subjects. Since marked FVC decrements occurred even with the smaller leaks, the FVC should not be analyzed in epidemiologic studies in the absence of frequent, documented leak tests. However, the present study indicates that the FEV1may be robust enough for analysis if recorded in the presence of small spirometric leaks.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID