ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Occupational Medicine Forum presents questions of general interest received by the ACOM Committee on Occupational Medical Practice. Answers usually are prepared by the Committee, representing the composite best judgment of its members. Such replies do not necessarily represent an official position of the American College of Occupational Medicine. In some cases, the responses will be prepared at the Committee's request by consultants with special qualifications in specific fields. Questioners are not named. Readers who wish to submit questions to the Committee should address inquiries to: Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, American College of Occupational Medicine, 55 W Seegers Rd, Arlington Heights, IL 60005.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of selection, job stress, and culture models on the association between occupation and smoking were empirically estimated on a random sample of 2,362 employed adults in Orange County, California using data collected through the Orange County Health Survey. The largest percent of smokers were blue-collar workers (32.4%). The logistic regression analysis results indicated that age, sex, education, ethnicity, job stress, and the industry in which employees work had significant impact on the risk of smoking. The findings imply that all three models contribute to smoking behavior. Smoking cessation and prevention programs may include elements that address both stress and environment in intervention design. Stress models imply that such program should focus on change in individual coping mechanisms; social environment models imply that change in group norms and attitudes is necessary.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We present a method for incorporating business analysis into comprehensive health and safety consultations using as an example a plant with an elevated incidence of cumulative trauma disorders. Business in formation, including product and management history, short- and long-term corporate goals, functional analysis, profit history, organizational structure with respect to health and safety, and personnel and labor-management relationships are evaluated simultaneously with traditional ergonomic factors. The additional business data allow consultants to identify the full scope of etiologies and make practical, credible recommendations that are more likely to be adopted by management and labor. We propose that techniques of “business analysis” be routinely incorporated into occupational health and safety consultations. However, because collection and interpretation of these data require business skills outside the occupational safety and health expert's usual repertoire, the consulting team must include participants with business expertise. We have found that occupational health medical personnel with an understanding of business analysis concepts can be very effective advocates for changes in health and safety practices. We strongly recommend incorporating methods of business analysis into the occupational health and safety curriculum.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Reasons for sick leaves are often complex and influenced by nonmedical factors. We have used focus groups, a qualitative research method, to study the relationship between working conditions and absenteeism due to illness in both an industrial company and an insurance company. We organized 10 focus groups within each company, with participants randomly selected from departments having similar work tasks within each company. According to the groups, the most important working conditions that influenced absenteeism were (a) feeling of well-being at work (mainly defined as security in social relations), (b) the organization of the work, and (c) the department leader. Factors considered to be less important included: number of employees, male/female ratios, group norms for absenteeism, age distribution, work-related illness, substance abuse, and workloads. There was substantial agreement between the groups, indicating that our findings may be relevant to other companies.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Peripheral neuropathy, as exhibited by the decrease in vibratory sense, is believed to be one of the manifestations of the peripheral nervous effects of solvent exposure. A solvent-exposed group of commercial painters (n = 28) was compared with a nonexposed group of boilermakers (n = 20) for differences in vibrotactile sensitivity. Differences in vibrotactile measurements of upper and lower extremities were compared between the two groups. Painters had lower vibration perception in all four extremities with statistically significant differences noted in four of seven analytical categories. Findings from this study suggest there are significant vibration perception differences between the studied painters and boilermakers and these differences are likely to be associated with occupational exposure to organic solvents.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of pressure-biased breathing (PBB), which simulates positive pressure respirator use, were studied in 15 volunteer subjects during laboratory exercise. PBB was compared with inspiratory resistance: dead space (ID) load and a no-load (N) situation. PBB had adverse subjective effects comparable with those of ID. Physiologically, PBB led to a small decrease in inspiratory time and an increase in expiratory time as well as an increase in the intensity of ventilatory effort as measured by the mean inspiratory flow rate. It is postulated, based on these findings, that PBB has significant effects on the resting lung volume, leading to both physiologic and subjective consequences.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Buerau of Labour Statistics-State Health Department Select Committee on Occupational Illnesses and Injuries conducted a study of hospital discharge records to determine their usefulness for identifying cases of occupational disease. Four states searched the diagnosis fields on computerized hospital discharge records for selected occupational lung diseases; pneumoconiosis, extrinsic allergic alvetlitis, and respiratory conditions due to chemical fumes and vapors.The hospital discharge data identified more cases of pneumoconiosis than did the BLS data systems. Numerous cases of extrinsic allegric alveolitis and respiratory conditions due to chemical fumes and vapors were also identified. Patterns evidenced in the data were generally consistent with current knowledge of the disease. The inclusion of industry and occupation on the hospital discharge record, further study of the quality of diagnosis coding, and the use of these data by additional states will enhance the usefulness of these data for occupational disease surveillance.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID