ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The influence of smoking on pleural and parenchymal radiographic changes, particularly in asbestos-exposed cohorts, has been debated. We studied this issue in 440 asbestos-exposed subjects referred for evaluation between 1981 and 1985. Information was obtained on age, exposure, and smoking. Chest radiographs were independently read by three “B” readers under blind conditions and it was determined that 80. 5% of the subjects had a history of smoking. The odds ratio for smoking and parenchymal opacities ≥ 1/0 was 1.98 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.3); this association was not affected by adjustment for asbestos exposure and/or age. A dose-response pattern emerged between increasing pack-years and parenchymal opacities ≥1/0; the effect between asbestos exposure and smoking appeared to be additive. No associations were found between smoking and pleural abnormalities. The findings in this investigation are consistent with prior studies showing an influence of smoking on radiographic parenchymal, but not pleural, changes, at least in asbestos-exposed groups. The anatomical equivalent of these radiographic changes and their impact, if any, on the natural history of asbestos-associated disease remains unclear.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Primary care physicians must identify and manage work-related disease, yet it is unclear whether training is adequate to accomplish this. This study examines the performance of 110 candidates, including 93 4th-year medical students, in the diagnosis and treatment of a standardized patient with occupational illness. Results indicated that the students did substantially better than the medical practitioners who had not received recent training. Although a strong correlation existed between candidates performance on the occupational health (OH) case and overall score on 19 non-occupational health cases, the competency measure that most determined performance on the OH case was interpersonal skills. A correlation also existed between working knowledge, data collection and data interpretation skills overall, and performance on the OH case; diagnostic skills, test selection, test interpretation, and case management skills overall showed no such correlation. The findings highlighted the importance of emphasizing interpersonal skills in training physicians to appropriately manage occupational medical cases, and illustrated the usefulness of standardized patients in teaching and evaluating occupational medical skills.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

By examining coverage, concordance, and costs, this project evaluated four methods of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk screening at a work site with 1821 central office employees of an energy company in Houston, Tex. Screening methods included a health risk appraisal mail questionnaire (HRA), an HRA plus brief physical assessment, an analysis of medical claims data, and an analysis of absenteeism data. Coverage ranged from 99% of employees for the absenteeism method to about 30% for the HRA method. Combining the first three screening methods, 18% of families had at least one member with a CVD or related diagnosis or one of four major CVD risk factors. The absenteeism method yielded 12.1% of the central office employees with 9 or more days absent. Although the absenteeism method identified high-cost families, only 9% had a heart disease or related diagnosis. This lack of concordance also occurs with other methods. For example, only 9.4% of families identified with the claims data were also identified by the HRA. Therefore, the methods identify different groups of high-risk families. Findings are discussed in relation to costs and other factors important to firms' selection of screening methods.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This 1983 to 1985 update of an earlier study examined the mortality experience of 16 661 man-made mineral fiber workers employed 1 year or more (6 months for two plants) during 1945 to 1963 (1940 to 1963 for one plant) at one or more of 17 US manufacturing plants. Using local death rates to estimate expected deaths there was a small statistically significant (P < .05) excess in all malignant neoplasms (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 108.3) and in respiratory cancer (SMR = 112.1) for the total period 1946 to 1985. For respiratory cancer the excess was greatest for mineral wool workers. For glass wool workers and glass filament workers respiratory cancer SMR values were much lower. For workers exposed in the production of small-diameter fibers, the overall respiratory cancer SMR was slightly elevated but lower than in earlier reports. A total of four malignant mesotheliomas have now been noted on death certificates. Two of these were coded to the International Classification of Disease rubrics used to estimate 1.45 expected mesothelioma deaths for the total study. Overall, the evidence of a relationship between exposure to man-made mineral fibers and respiratory cancer appears to be somewhat weaker than in the previous update.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To examine the association between exposure to occupational factors and the presence on the body of large pigmented nevi >5 mm, data were collected from 110 employees of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory employed between 1969 and 1980. In this exploratory prevalent case-control study analysis, 38 employees reported having at least one large pigmented nevus and 72 reported none. Occupational factors associated with the presence of large pigmented nevi (adjusted for age and the number of sunburns per year under age 21) were being an engineer (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 3.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.0,10.6) or an electrical engineer (POR = 2.56, 95% CI = 0.3,20.3), being hired at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory before 1962 (POR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.2,7.7), and having one's skin exposed to rare earth metals (POR = 3.78, 95% CI = 0.9,15.1).

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The problem of hypercholesterolemia is of growing concern and public awareness. The cholesterol determinations of 567 maritime personnel, dependent upon a shipboard diet for a major portion of the year, were reviewed. Total cholesterol levels were borderline in 32.7% and high in 28.2% of the population, using definitions of the National Cholesterol Education Program. There was an age-related increase in average total cholesterol levels. The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in this population are also reported where available. The opportunities for intervention in this population are unique, as are the potential impediments to intervention.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of a fitness program designed as an alternative to the standard weight-training and running program and using limited resources and facilities. Forty-three men from the North Carolina Justice Academy, randomly assigned into two groups, completed 12 weeks of physical training. The WT group used a standard weight training and running, whereas the REC group ran and completed a resistive exercise circuit. The REC circuit consisted of nine exercises designed to improve muscular strength and endurance separated by 30 seconds of aerobic exercise. The exercises used chairs, tables, sawhorses, and body weight to provide the resistance. The results indicated that the REC program improved muscular strength and aerobic capacity as well as the WT program. Furthermore, the REC group lost more weight, reduced body fat, and improved their lipid profiles significantly more than the WT group. Thus, the REC program is a viable alternative for the training of public safety officers when only limited resources are available.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID