ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Occupational Medical Forum presents questions of general interest received by the AOMA Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, Answers usually are prepared by the Committee, representing the composite best judgment of its members. Such replies do not necessarily represent an official position of the American Occupational Medical Association. In some cases, the responses will be prepared at the Committee's request by consultants with special qualifications in specific fields. Questioners are not named. Readers who wish to submit questions to the Committee should address inquiries to: Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, American Occupational Medical Association, 2340 S. Arlington Heights Rd., Arlington Heights, H. 60005.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cost of corporate medical programs is receiving increasing attention in times of financial austerity. This article reviews the published data on economic evaluations of such programs. It develops a framework within which profitability and cost-effectiveness can be assessed. Critical evaluation of the available data confirms the probable cost benefit of preemployment examinations, and absenteeism and alcohol abuse control programs. It is noted that the data are limited to a small and unrepresentative sample of industry.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Four isocyanates, two of which are widely used in industry, were found to be potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase from human erythrocytes. Aliphatic isocyanates are stronger inhibitors of the enzyme than are aromatic isocyanates. Incubation at 21 to 23 °C for several days leads to slow and limited spontaneous reactivation of the inhibited enzyme. This enzyme inhibition may be a contributing factor in the induction of respiratory disease observed in about 5% of workers exposed to isocyanate vapors.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The healthy worker effect is the composite result from factors such as (1) selection of the work force, (2) changes in lifestyle accompanying employment, and (3) methodological characteristics of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). While the choice of the general population as the comparison population is the underlying reason for this effect, no more feasible, widely accepted or “better” alternative is yet available. Much of the current understanding of the healthy worker effect has been limited to an examination of selection of the work force. The purpose of this report is to illustrate, using examples from a large cohort study, the importance of many factors other than selection. They include employment-associated benefits such as economic gain, medical insurance and lifestyle changes, the proportion of active workers, the calculation method, data completeness, length of follow-up and certain characteristics of SMR methodology. It is shown that some of the healthy worker effect is characteristic of SMR methodology and that the strength of the healthy worker effect depends on the proportion of active workers in the cohort. Furthermore, the disappearance of the healthy worker effect may be due to factors such as aging of the cohort and can be totally unrelated to the true increase in the mortality risk. In other words, its disappearance, in many instances, may be an artifact of SMR methodology.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Historical cohorts that are heterogeneous with respect to era in which exposure to a hazard began are subject to chronology bias. Those historical cohorts assembled some time after onset of exposure are also subject to selection bias through attrition of the original populations prior to the time of registration. Such cohorts may be called multi-serial cross-sectional. The two forms of bias in such cohorts may account for some of the elevated risk of lung cancer reported in occupational studies of this type. Historical cohorts comprising all workers who began exposure in a relatively limited era can be called inception cohorts. Three occupational investigations are reviewed in which both multiserial cross-sectional cohorts and inception cohorts were studied. In all three investigations the inception cohorts showed lower risks of lung cancer than the multi-serial cross-sectional cohorts.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Trona (sodium sesquicarbonate) is mined from an underground deposit in Wyoming and processed for use in the manufacture of glass, paper, and detergents, and in chemical applications. Trona dust is alkaline (pH 10.5) and may have an irritant effect on the respiratory airways, mucous membranes, and the skin. One hundred forty-two underground miners and 88 surface workers from one trona facility participated voluntarily in an epidemiologic and clinical study. Their mean age was 37.6 and their mean working period, 10.0 years. One half of the study participants complained of skin symptoms; dermatologic symptoms increased from twofold to fifteenfold after the subjects began trona mining. Trona dermatitis consists of pruritic, erythematous, raised, dry, and fissured lesions commonly affecting the hands, arms, and legs. A dose-response relationship was observed among underground workers. Patch testing with 10% aqueous trona and sodium carbonate was negative, suggesting that the dermatitis was primarily irritant in nature.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID