ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previous publications on treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposures have given insufficient emphasis to immediate skin cleansing and prompt restitution of both serum and tissue calcium ion levels. Use of calcium gluconate topically as a 2.5% gel, in eyes as a 1% solution, and by nebulizer as a 2.5% or 3% solution has improved treatment results. Ten percent calcium gluconate solution may be given intravenously as indicated for hypocalcemia. Proper application of the calcium gluconate gel immediately after thorough washing of localized skin burns will produce relief of pain similar to that achieved by subcutaneous infiltration of 5% calcium gluconate solution. This may be used as an end-point for adequacy of treatment.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The smoking characteristics of shipyard workers participating in an Asbestos Medical Surveillance Program (N=3,991) were assessed. Sources of data were: (I) a self-assessment questionnaire on the smoking history and respiratory symptomatology of the 871 current smokers who participated in the smoking study, and (2) chest roentgenograms and pulmonary function test results and medical records for the entire population. The study population included 1,711 current smokers, 988 former smokers and 1,292 never smokers. The annual “quit rate” for former smokers had increased from less than 1% in 1961 to 4.2% in 1978. Of the 871 current smokers who participated in the smoking study, 19% had resumed smoking after having given up cigarettes for one year or longer. Men in the smoking study were reasonably well informed about the health consequences of smoking. While they perceived themselves to be susceptible to disease, and the disease to be serious, the benefits they saw in quitting were related more to economics and aesthetics than to health. When the results were age adjusted, no differences in rate of pulonary function abnormalities and chest film abnormalities were found between current smokers who voluntarily participated in the smoking study and those who did not. All pulmonary function testing abnormality and chest film abnormality rates were significantly lower for former smokers and never smokers.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Dermatitis among hairdressers has been recognized as a significant occupational health problem but the occurrence, contributing factors, and control measures have not been comprehensively studied or reported. Consequently, an epidemiologic field study of dermatitis among hairdressers and its relationship to medical history of allergy, frequency of specific product use, sex, and number of years in hairdressing was conduted in the winter of 1982 in four southern New Jersey counties. Work practices and procedures were observed and chemical Inventories taken during on-site visits to the participants' beauty salons. The data collected were complied and analyzed using a computerized log-linear statistical procedure. The association between the occurrence of dermatitis and a medically confirmed history of allergy is highly significant (p<.001) and decreases with increasing numbers of years in hairdressing, indicating perhaps that highly susceptible individuals leave their jobs. There was no significant relationship between dermatitis and the levels of frequency of product use. Means of controlling and preventing occupational dermatitis among hairdressers are discussed. Because of the complexity and diversity of the chemical products used, further research is needed to explore the specific etiological factors of hairdresser's dermatitis.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Several rubber industry jobs that are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality involve the use of solvents and, since the only known occupational cause of atherosclerosis is a solvent (carbon disulfide), solvent exposures may contribute to the CVD excess observed among rubber industry workers. Detailed exposure estimates for 25 solvents were available for a cohort of 1,282 white male production workers in a large rubber- and tire-manufacturing plant, and a survivorship analysis compared the CVD mortality experience of exposed and nonexposed workers during a 15-year follow-up period. The known association between carbon disulfide exposure and ischemic heart disease (IHD) was apparent among these workers, and two other solvents, ethanol and phenol, were also found to be significant predictors of IHD. These exploratory findings suggest that solvents other than carbon disulfide may cause atherosclerotic disease.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An outbreak of metal fume fever (MFF) among workers involved In cutting brass pipes with electric cutting torches in an enclosed, poorly ventilated steam condenser is described. Twenty-six workers were affected. Symptoms most commonly reported were fever (21), dyspnea (23), chills (21), headache (21), and nausea (19). Fourteen of the workers experienced the symptom of an unusual sweet or metallic taste in the mouth. Clinical signs were limited to wheezing or rales in eight patients. Leukocytosis and an increase in band cell forms were noted in 21 and 20 of 24 workers, respectively. The median time interval between exposure and onset of symptoms was five hours. None of three workers who spent less than one hour in the condenser became ill, whereas 25 of 26 of those who spent more than one hour became ill (p = .001). Five of 12 workers had urine copper levels in excess of 0.05 mg/l. To our knowledge, this is the first reported outbreak of MFF for which urinary copper levels have been measured.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In this study the sources of stress among international interpreters were explored. It was found that the major source of job dissatisfaction among interpreters was their perception of their work as noncreative and requiring little initiative. In addition, it was discovered that one of the most important stressors affecting the mental health of interpreters working in international forums was home life problems generated by their work (e.g., frequent traveling, long working hours). The differences between free-lance and staff interpreters were also explored. The implications of the results for the employing authorities are discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Twenty-one subjects exposed to formaldehyde (at levels between 0.12 and 1.6 parts per million [ppm]) in two mobile trailers and the remaining 18 unexposed workers of the same workforce were examined by questionnaire and spirometry. Symptoms of eye and throat irritation and increased headache and fatigue were significantly more common among the exposed group than the comparison group. Irritation of the nose, chest tightness, and shortness of breath were also more common among the exposed. Spirometry revealed no decrease in ventilatory function among the exposed workers. The significant increase in frequency of individuals with symptoms indicated an adverse health effect from exposure to formaldehyde at levels between 0.12 and 1.6 ppm. This may have implications regarding the adequacy of the US permissible exposure limit value and suggests the need for further examination of the health effects of formaldehyde in the nonoccupatlonal environment.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID