ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pregnancy outcomes of 7,155 women who worked between one and nine months of pregnancy were compared with outcomes of 4,018 women who were not employed. There were no differences in rates of prematurity, Apgar score, birthweight, perinatal death rate, or malformation prevalence. Working women were divided into those who left employment during the first eight months and those who worked all nine months. The latter had a lower rate of adverse outcome than the other working group and the nonworking group. This indicates that working to term in the absence of contraindications does not impose an added risk on mother or infant. After control of confounding by parity and other relevant factors, an increased risk of prolonged gestational age was seen among primiparous working women. There was an increased risk of fetal distress among those women leaving work prior to nine months who were having their third or subsequent child. A small decrease in birth weight was seen among women who left work prior to term but not among those who worked all nine months. Overall the results are reassuring that working during pregnancy is not in itself a risk factor for adverse outcome.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

All studies that provide follow-up information for workers more than 35 years after initial exposure to asbestos show a declining ratio of observed to expected lung cancer deaths at the end of follow-up. The most parsimonious explanation of this finding is that relative risk for lung cancer begins to decline sometime after cessation of asbestos exposure.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An occupation-and-exposure linkage system was utilized to perform an epidemiologic case-control study of paternal occupation and Wilms' tumor in offspring. The first part of the study was designed to test the hypothesis that paternal lead (Pb) exposure is a risk factor for Wilms' tumor in offspring. The second part of the study was an exploratory analysis that sought to generate possible etiologic hypotheses about other paternal exposures in the workplace in relation to Wilms' tumor. Calculation of odds ratios indicated that there was no statistical difference in the frequency of occupational exposure to Pb, Pb alkyls, and Pb salts for fathers of children with Wilms' tumor and fathers of controls, a finding that contrasts sharply with the results of the one previously reported study in this area. In the exploratory phase of the study, case fathers were found more likely to have been exposed to boron, while control fathers were found more likely to have encountered insecticides, acetylene, o-chlorobenaylidene, oil orange ss, and diethylene glycol; the differences were statistically significant. Troublesome methodologic problems, including exposure misclassification, sample size, and multiple comparisons, are discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The efficacy of a work-based stress management training program was assessed in highway maintenance workers. Volunteers received training in electromyogram (EMG) biofeedback (n = 17) or muscle relaxation (n = 12) or served as wait-list controls (n = 9). Daily one-hour training sessions were conducted at the workplace for two consecutive workweeks. The biofeedback group showed significant posttraining decreases in forehead EMG levels compared with controls, while decreases found in the muscle relaxation group were not significant. All groups reported significant increases in quality of sleep and in feeling refreshed at work and decreases in subjective tension levels. A three-month follow-up study revealed regression of EMG levels toward baseline in all groups although the percentages of EMG reductions at follow-up were larger for the trained groups than for controls. All groups showed significant improvement on measures of anxiety, somatic complaints, sleep behavior, job satisfaction, and alcohol use. The results support other recent studies indicating the usefulness of work-site stress management programs, although the specificity of training effects and the durability of physiological effects over time remain questionable.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Workers' compensation claim data for 1979 obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Supplementary Data System (SDS) were utilized to examine the demographic and occupational incidence of back strains/sprains among U.S. industrial employees covered by state compensation systems. These data were combined with estimated employment figures to provide incidence ratios, which allowed better approximations of industry- and occupation-specific risk. Industries found to have the largest incidence ratios were construction (1.6 claims/100 workers) and mining (1.5 claims/100 workers). Occupations with the largest ratios were miscellaneous laborers (12.3 claims/100 workers) and garbage collectors (11.1 claims/100 workers). The 285,468 compensation claims due to back strains/sprains filed in the 26 SDS states in 1979 suggest that back injuries continue to be a large and costly problem for U.S. workers and their employers.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID