ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Health decision makers in business need to know what to expect from efforts at cardiovascular risk reduction offered through the workplace. In terms of health, the yield from such efforts is the extent to which risk in the entire work force is lowered. Yield is assessed from available reports of interventions, and is defined as the joint probability of (1) participation of the at‐risk work force, (2) retention of participants in an intervention, and (3) improvement on an indicator of risk. The median and range of outcomes are presented so that decision makers can better know what to expect and can have a basis of comparison for the performance of their own risk reduction programs.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A critical review of the medical data accumulated on 100 consecutive miners referred for evaluation for disability under the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act documented the generation of an excess of unreliable data at an unacceptable cost, even though the evaluations had been performed by physicians who regularly perform this service.Physician training appears to have an impact on the accuracy and reproducibility of historical inquiry regarding items that would identify other causes of activity‐limiting dyspnea. Physicians with pulmonary training are statistically more likely to include the cigarette smoking history, as well as history for the presence or absence of exertional chest pain and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Spirometric pulmonary functions that are supervised and interpreted by physicians with pulmonary training are less likely to show wide variation between the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, and the direct maximum voluntary ventilation. Regardless of the source, the direct MVV measurement does not contribute additional useful information about a claimant's pulmonary impairment. Arterial blood gas analysis does not add to the discriminatory value of spirometry and should be dropped from the routine claimant's evaluation. Electrocar‐diography identifies cardiovascular disease in a sufficient number of applicants to make this test worthwhile.The presence or absence of pneumonconiosis on chest radiograph does not vary significantly when interpreted by the examining physician regardless of pulmonary training. However, there exists a disturbing lack of agreement introduced by solicited interpretations from radiologists. An average of 11 radiographic interpretations per miner is excessive.The average cost of developing the data to be submitted to nonmedical adjudicators to determine a claimant's pulmonary status is approximately $1,716.00.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A study was made of health problems reported by data entry clerks working in two large data pools within the Québec Public Service Administration. In order to collect the data, 350 clerks answered a questionnaire, representing a return rate of 92%. The results indicate that, in comparison with women in other occupations, the data entry clerks have a high rate of occurrence of psychiatric symptoms (measured by the Ilfeid index) as well as a high degree of use of over‐the‐counter and prescription drugs. In addition, these two problems are more prevalent in full‐time clerks than in part‐time clerks. The psychiatric symptoms appear related to the combined influence of two main factors: work overload and the monotony of work specialization. A third factor, the quality of the relationships among workers in the pool, also seemed to affect the regular full‐time clerks.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The investigation of cancer clusters has received much recent attention. In this paper we present the approach used by one company. We emphasize the need for a methodical, stepwise procedure that includes both epidemiology and industrial hygiene input, and for communication with workers throughout the investigation. Cluster investigations are expected to be most useful not in etiologic research, but rather in addressing worker concerns and as part of larger surveillance efforts.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;A survey of supermarket checkers was undertaken early in 1986 to assess the prevalence of symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Following three mailings, 83% of the 1,345 checkers had responded. The analysis, which was restricted to female workers aged 18 to 49 years, showed an overall prevalence of self‐reported CTS symptoms of 62.5%. Prevalence rates were related to use of laser scanners, age, years worked as a checker, and average number of hours worked per week. The findings were similar when more restrictive criteria of CTS symptoms were used. Use of estrogens was not positively related to reported CTS symptoms.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Two cases of occupational asthma due to styrene are described. The subjects complained of cough, breathlessness, and symptoms of asthma when coming into contact with styrene; in patient 1 the respiratory reaction was followed by a late cutaneous rash. The symptoms disappeared when the subjects were away from work on weekends or holidays. In both cases, inhalation challenge with styrene produced an immediate bronchospastic reaction which was followed by a late cutaneous rash in patient 1. Prior administration of disodium cromoglycate (40 mg from a spinhaler) prevented the respiratory reactions completely, but failed to prevent the late skin response in case 1. Styrene removal was followed by complete disappearance of the symptoms. We conclude that styrene can be a primary cause of occupational asthma.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;We report the case of a 20‐year‐old black male who developed bilateral radial nerve palsies eight hours after reported blunt trauma to his left shoulder. Pure radial damage was confirmed by electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Recovery was spontaneous and complete without the use of specific therapy.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Increasing attention has been paid to the use of semen analysis as an indicator of exposure to potential mutagenic and reproductive hazards. In the infertility clinic setting, semen evaluations include the measurement of sperm concentration, volume, pH, motility, velocity and morphology, the analysis of seminal plasma to evaluate accessory sex gland function and, in some cases, the in vitro evaluation of fertilization capacity and sperm‐cervical mucus interaction (Ann Intern Med 1985;103:906‐919). To date, however, the study of semen characteristics of occupationally exposed populations has been confined principally to the measurement of sperm concentration and sperm morphology. This has been largely due to the unavailability of portable equipment suitable for the measurement of other semen characteristics and the difficulty of obtaining fresh semen samples in the field setting. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health researchers have developed mobile laboratory facilities which enable us to evaluate fresh samples, in the field, for semen characteristics in addition to concentration and morphology. This paper describes the application of these methods using the example of our recent cross‐sectional study of workers occupationally exposed to ethylene dibromide in the papaya fumigation industry. We discuss our findings in the context of the usefulness of semen analysis as an indicator of occupational hazards to male reproduction.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Work and personal factors associated with occupational back pain were investigated based upon responses to questionnaires administered to hospital nurses. Factor analysis of outcome measures developed two indices of occupational back pain: “pain factor” and “impact factor.” Factor analysis also separated reported work activities into five groups. By logistic regression, frequency of “carrying and pushing” and “patient care activity” were associated with occupational back pain. These findings suggest that research and training should not focus on patient transfers only, but must emphasize nonpatient contact activities performed by nurses.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1987

数据来源: OVID