ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The incidence of indoor air quality problems has increased dramatically over the past decade. Investigation of these problems has yielded a definitive cause in only one third of the cases. Psychosocial factors may play a key role in the development and propagation of symptoms attributed to poor indoor air quality. Guidelines for managing indoor air quality problems from the organizational perspective are based upon psychosocial principles and elements of risk perception.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Meta-analytic techniques were applied to 20 controlled studies of work site smoking cessation yielding a total of 34 comparisons of long-term (average = 12 months) quit rate (QR). An overall weighted mean effect size (ES) of .21 ± .07 was found, indicating a modest but significant overall effect (P < .01). The weighted average follow-up QR from all interventions was 13%. Based on previous research, characteristics associated with interventions, work sites, employees, and research methodology were identified as potential moderator variables. Apart from methodological variables, interventions conducted in smaller work sites (ES =.45 ± .17), which lasted 2 to 6hours (ES = .42 ±.13), and which contained heavy smokers (ES =.28 ± .07) were associated with the largest effect sizes. We were also interested in absolute quit rates. After controlling for methodological quality, programs that included a cessation group component (partial r =.39), that were not overly complicated (partial r = -.42), and that shared company and employee time (partial r = -.48), as well as the above variables had the strongest associations with QR. Implications for public health policy and future research are discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Arterial blood gas analysis is one of the criteria used by the Department of Labor to award total and permanent disability for coal workers' pneumoconiosis (Black Lung). We have observed that Black Lung claimants often undergo several blood gas analyses with widely differing results that sometimes range from complete normality to life-threatening hypoxemia in the same subject.We concluded that blood gas analysis in occupationally related disability determination is unreliable, in that quality control and instrumentation are variable; that severe hypoxemia is rare in coal workers' pneumoconiosis; and that such hypoxemia is nonspecific and correlates poorly with breathlessness.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exposure to organic solvents has been linked repeatedly to alterations in both personality and cognitive functioning. To assess the nature and extent of these changes more thoroughly, 32 workers with a history of exposure to mixtures of organic solvents and 32 age- and education-matched blue-collar workers with no history of exposure were assessed with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Although both groups were comparable on measures of general intelligence, significant differences were found in virtually all other cognitive domains tested (Learning and Memory, Visuospatial, Attention and Mental Flexibility, Psychomotor Speed). In addition, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories of exposed workers indicated clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, somatic concerns and disturbances in thinking. The reported psychological distress was unrelated to degree of cognitive deficit. Finally, several exposure-related variables were associated with poorer performance on tests of memory and visuospatial ability.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This is Part III of a three-part series that examines various aspects of ergonomic deficiencies at work. Part I examined pain at work and the association between such pain or discomfort and a poorly designed workplace or poorly structured job. Part II considered causes of ergonomic deficiencies and their identification and assessment through the use of checklists. Part III demonstrates that treating the symptoms or apparent proximate causes does not assure correction of the root causes, and suggests strategies for correcting ergonomic deficiencies.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID