ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationships between part-time employment and self-reported health are analyzed for a national probability sample of middle-aged women. Overall, there was a tendency for full-time workers to have the best health, part-time workers to have an intermediate level of health, and women who were not in the labor force to have the poorest health. However, the pattern varied by race and marital status. For married black women, part-time workers reported poorer health than full-time workers. This appeared to be due in part to the lower socioeconomic status of the black part-time workers. For married white women, there was little or no difference in health or socioeconomic status between part-time and full-time workers. Additional hypotheses and relevant evidence are presented.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To explore the association between occupation and the occurrence of brain tumor, an epidemiologic study was conducted using data from the death certificates of 951 adult white male Maryland residents who died of brain tumor during the period 1969 through 1982. Compared with the controls, men employed in electricity-related occupations, such as electrician, electric or electronic engineer, and utility company serviceman, were found to experience a significantly higher proportion of primary brain tumors. An increase in the odds ratio for brain tumor was found to be positively related to electromagnetic (EM) field exposure levels. Furthermore, the mean age at death was found to be significantly younger among cases in the presumed high EM-exposure group. These findings suggest that EM exposure may be associated with the pathogenesis of brain tumors, particularly in the promoting stage.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a large population-based case-control study designed to generate hypotheses regarding possible associations between cancer sites and occupational exposures, an innovative methodology is utilized to infer the subjects' chemical exposures. It features (1) a probing interview to obtain a detailed portrait of each job the subject has held, (2) exposure coding by a team of chemists and hygienists who review each interview, (3) a coding checklist of nearly 300 occupational exposures including the most common ones, and (4) indication by the coders of the level, frequency, and mode of exposure, as well as of their degree of confidence that the exposure occurred. In making coding decisions, the chemists draw upon their experience and upon consultants and bibliographic sources. Resultant data can be combined to produce a variety of semi-quantitative indices of exposure for epidemiologic analyses.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The employment histories of 1,252 women experiencing a spontaneous abortion and 2,126 controls were compared to examine the relation between maternal employment before and during pregnancy and karyotype of the spontaneously aborted conceptus. Among private patients, there was no evidence of a positive association of work only before pregnancy, only during pregnancy, or both before and during pregnancy (v no work) with either chromosomally normal or abnormal abortions. In contrast, among public patients the odds of working only during pregnancy or both before and during pregnancy were raised for chromosomally abnormal abortions (adjusted odds ratios = 3.77 and 1.86, respectively) and slightly raised for chromosomally normal abortions (adjusted odds ratios = 7.35 and 1.31, respectively). Among workers, the frequencies of work before pregnancy in specific employment circumstances were compared among karyotyped cases and controls. For two work locations – factory and hospital/nursing facility – the data were of sufficient size to suggest that associations of twofold or greater with most types of abortion are unlikely.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Because population-based surveillance of cancer incidence across a wide variety of industries and occupations is quite rare and because the vast literature in occupational cancer epidemiology concentrates to a great extent on cancer risks among white males, new methods are needed to generate hypotheses about occupational cancer risks. The results of a series of studies conducted during the past six years suggested that the telephone interview could be utilized as an effective method for occupational cancer surveillance. A 10-minute telephone interview that was developed to collect occupational histories, smoking histories, and other related data and some methodologic issues that were tested during a pilot study are described. The authors found the telephone interview to be an effective instrument for obtaining these data. This study suggests that it is important to obtain as high a proportion as possible of the responses from the study patients rather than proxy respondents; that when one cannot interview the patient, proxy respondents can provide much of the data requested; and that supplementing population-based cancer surveillance system data with these interview data is useful in routine monitoring.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Texaco mortality study is a retrospective follow-up study of all persons who were employed for at least five years in a refining, petrochemical, or research facility and who worked at some time during the period 1947 through 1977. Of the 19,077 white men in the cohort, 14,609 were alive, 4,024 were known to be dead, and the vital status of the remaining 444 was unknown as of Dec. 31, 1977. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 75 for all causes was significantly low, on the basis of 5,332 expected deaths. Statistically significant deficits also were seen for all major causes of death and for cancer of many sites, including lung, stomach, bladder, and colon. The SMR was greater than 100 for six causes of death: pancreas cancer, brain cancer, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, other lymphatic cancer, and benign neoplasms. However, none of these increases was statistically significant, and all SMRs except that for benign neoplasms (SMR =148) were under 119.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a study of occupational mortality among all females dying at age 20 years or over in British Columbia during the period 1950 through 1978, significantly elevated proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) were seen for breast and/or ovarian cancer among teachers, nurses, office clerks, and sales clerks. Approximately 91% of the female deaths were recorded as occurring among “homemakers.” When the PMRs were recalculated for “working women” only (ie., excluding homemakers), most of the excesses in risks for breast and ovarian cancer observed among the four occupational groups disappeared. The authors suggest that the differences in PMR values between all women and working women are due to protective higher parity and lower maternal age at first birth among homemakers as opposed to working women in general. In occupational studies of hormone-related tumors among women, every effort should be made to control for parity level and maternal age at first birth.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID