ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Automotive wood model makers have been reported to be at excess risk for colon and other cancers in recent epidemiologic studies. To further explore these risks, we conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study, with follow-up from 1940 through 1984, of 2294 white male wood model makers employed at any time until 1980 by three US auto makers. Using US mortality rates for comparison, we found elevated standardized mortality ratios of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8–1.9) for colon cancer and 1.6 (95% CI, 0.9–2.6) for stomach cancer. We also conducted nested case-control studies for 20 colon and 17 stomach cancer cases and 543 age-matched controls. We found no trend of increased risk for colon or stomach cancer mortality with increased exposure to wood dust or to duration employed in wood model making.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A major obstacle in promoting smoking cessation programs through work sites is recruiting adequate numbers of smokers. We used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effect of a low-cost incentive (a prize drawing) for attracting participants to a smoking cessation clinic offered at multiple work sites. Sixty-eight automobile dealerships were randomized to either a “prize” or control group. Smokers employed at work sites in the prize group were offered a chance to win a dinner for two for participating in a smoking cessation clinic. In November 1986, a questionnaire assessing tobacco use habits was sent to 3432 employees of the 68 work sites. A cohort of 844 smokers was identified from a total of 1986 employees who returned surveys. All smokers received registration materials to participate, free of charge, in one of three smoking cessation programs held in June 1987. The overall employee participation rate in the smoking cessation program was 6.6% (n = 56) with an overall work-site participation rate of 37.3% (n = 25). The rate was nearly identical in the “prize“ and control groups (employee rate: 6.3% versus 6.7%; work-site rate: 39.4% versus 35.3%, respectively).

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

During a 6-month period, the poison center was consulted on three occasions for advice regarding accidental injection of hexafluorethane (Freon) used in the manufacturing process of athletic shoes. A fourth case was later identified after consulting physicians near the manufacturing facility. Little information exists in the medical literature concerning injection of freon or other volatile substances. In each of these cases, workers inadvertently injected concentrated hexafluorethane into a finger while holding the shoe component and attempting to inject hexafluorethane. Each case presented with edema, limitation of motion, and crepitation. Hand roentgenogram revealed subcutaneous gas. Treatment was nonsurgical, consisting of splinting, tetanus immunization, and antibiotics. Rapid resolution of symptoms occurred in all four cases. Hexafluorethane is relatively inert when injected and has low toxicity. However, potential rapid expansion warrants observation for pressure injury.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In 1987, the Panel on Occupational Safety and Health Statistics issued a report concluding that the existing national surveillance system for occupation injuries might result in substantial underreporting of occupational injuries. In this study, we examined two sources of data on occupational injuries, the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) and lost-work time claims to the Bureau of Workers' Compensation (BWC), available in one community, Athens County, Ohio. Based on comparison of the NEISS and BWC data sets, we conclude that neither data set alone gives a complete nor an accurate picture of occupational injuries in Athens County. The two may provide a more complete representation of occupational injuries when examined together. Using the NEISS and BWC data sets in combination results in a total number of injuries higher than that predicted by national norms.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The quantitative relationship of occupational exposure to airborne wood dust with nasal and pulmonary health problems is not clearly established, particularly for low to moderate exposures in the wooden furniture manufacturing industry. We examined the associations of pulmonary and nasal symptoms, wood dust exposure, and lifestyle variables (cigarette smoking, alcohol use, overweight, physical inactivity, and stress) in a sample of 168 woodworkers. Levels of wood dust exposure were not systematically associated with symptoms. Statistically significant associations were found for cigarette smoking; after controlling for the effects of smoking, heavy drinking was significantly associated with pulmonary symptoms, and perceived stress was associated with both pulmonary and nasal symptoms. These findings suggest that studies of the effects of low-level occupational wood dust exposures should control for the potential effects of lifestyle variables.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Recognizing the importance of early detection of breast cancer, the Dow Chemical Company initiated a breast cancer awareness program in 1988. Evaluation of operational aspects of mammography screening component revealed that about half (53%) of 1186 eligible women in the evaluation cohort took part, although participation was three times higher for active than for retired employees. Eleven per cent of participants were considered to have “positive” screens, ie, had roentgenogram films with suspicious areas, and at least 82% of these women had follow-up medical services within 1 year of screening, as determined by a review of group insurance claims records. Two women with positive mammograms were subsequently diagnosed and treated for breast cancer within 2 months of screening. None of the women with negative mammograms developed breast cancer in the subsequent year. The suitability of group insurance data resources for responding to health care delivery questions is discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1992

数据来源: OVID