ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hypotheses about the extent, persistence, and constancy for different causes of the healthy worker effect are evaluated using the data of the Dorn Study of Mortality Among US Veterans. Those data were selected because persons who qualify to serve in the armed forces have health status comparable to that of persons able to seek employment. Mortality rates for 5-year age groups and standardized mortality ratios for younger, older, and all age groups were computed and compared to those of the US population for all causes, all cancers, heart disease, stroke, and selected other causes of death. A healthy worker effect of 20% to 40% reduced mortality was shown to persist over the entire age range for the various causes. The overall effect for all causes is 27%.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Corrections for specific gravity, osmolality, and creatinine were applied to identical urinary mercury data in order to investigate the reproducibility of the corrected mercury concentration in a person's urinary spot samples throughout a 24-hour period; and the extent to which it is possible to predict a person's 24-hour mercury excretion from the corrected mercury concentration in the corresponding spot samples. The data indicate that on the average these corrections improve reproducibility by a factor of approximately 2. In individual cases, the uncorrected and corrected values of mercury concentration can differ by as much as a factor of 6. Similar effects were observed in the correlation of the mercury concentration of a spot sample and the corresponding 24-hour excretion of mercury. For this set of data, the corrections for specific gravity and osmolality turned out to be almost identical. The correction for creatinine was more effective than the other corrections by a small but statistically significant amount.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Occupational and sex differences in the prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation, and attempts to quit smoking were studied cross-sectionally among employees of ten work sites (N = 3035). Comparisons by sex, occupation, and work site, controlling for age, were made using analysis of covariance. For both sexes, smoking prevalence was highest among blue collar workers and lowest among professionals. Successful cessation was most prevalent among professionals. At all occupational levels, smoking prevalence was higher in women than men. Although men were more likely to be exsmokers, no significant sex differences were found in the rate of recent cessation. Also, significant differences between worksites were found in the prevalences of smoking and overall cessation and in quit rates in the last two years. The high prevalence of smoking and the low interest in quitting among blue collar respondents indicate an important target for future work site interventions.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Because many occupationally exposed workers are disabled by medically unexplained symptoms, the authors set out to develop etiologically, prognostically, and therapeutically distinct diagnostic categories for these patients. Rigorous diagnostic criteria were applied to a sample of 21 patients with disproportionate disability: three patients had typical posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), seven had atypical PTSD, and the remainder suffered somatoform disorders. Recognition of PTSD is important because, unlike somatoform disorders, PTSD often responds to appropriate treatment. Some of the factors that may lead to PTSD are discussed, based on the case series. Using case examples, the authors discuss the diagnostic criteria for typical and atypical PTSD; differentiate these from somatoform disorders; and discuss the implications of the study for prevention of PTSD and for case management.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Occupational and environmental medical literature that confronts a physician is difficult to grasp. The development of the microcomputer makes it easier for the occupational medicine physician to perform computer literature searches. Occupational medical residents and physicians both familiar and unfamiliar with computers submitted identical searches to identify strengths and weaknesses of combinations of computer databases and assisting software. The combination of DIALOG databases and In-Search software were judged to be the most useful for the occupational medicine physician.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Male Sprague Dawley rata were exposed to carbon fibers 7 μm in diameter and 20 to 60 μm in length, for six hours a day and five days a week for up to 16 weeks at an average chamber concentration of 20 mg/m3. Rats were killed at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of exposure and after a 32-week postexposure recovery period. A similar number of control rats exposed only to air were killed at the same times. Pulmonary function tests, conducted just prior to the animals' death, did not demonstrate any significant or consistent changes. The only pulmonary finding that could be causally related to the subchronic inhalation of carbon fibers was phagocytosis of the inhaled particles by alveolar macrophages. This physiologic response was not accompanied by any local reactive pulmonary inflammation or fibrosis.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID