ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The growth rate of lung cancer may be described by an exponential model in which the volume doubling time, or growth rate, is constant. The doubling time may vary from case to case by an order of magnitude so it is probably the most important factor in the natural history of the disease. While some aspects are uncertain, the exponential model seems to be reasonably valid because it is coherent with what we already know about the course of the disease. It helps explain the long interval between onset of carcinogen exposure and clinical manifestation, the reversibility of risk after cessation of smoking, the results of periodic roentgenographic screening, and the variability of prognosis. As a result, the exponential model has certain medicolegal implications.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

California accident investigations for 1976 show that violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's safety standards were a contributing factor in 13% to 19% of the 645 deaths reported to the workers' compensation program during that year. However, a panel of safety engineers judged that only about 50% of these violations could have been detected if an inspector had visited the day before the accident. These findings indicate that the potential gains from stronger enforcement of current standards are limited but not insignificant. The likelihood that a violation contributed to a serious accident varied considerably among accident types, industries, and size classes of plants. These findings can be used to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the OSHA program by means of better targeting of inspections and accident investigations, more intelligent assessment of which violations should be penalized most heavily, and the provision of information to employers and workers about which violations are most consequential.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the reasons given by employees for choosing between an indemnification-type health insurance plan (Blue Cross/Blue Shield) and a health maintenance organization (group health plan). A population of 1,003 matched pairs was determined and questionnaires were sent to 1,861 individuals remaining in the company, with a response rate of 74%. Many of the reasons listed as important for joining one or the other plan were alike for both groups. However, the members of the group health plan felt that preventive care and regular checkups were more important than did the Blue Cross/Shield members. The latter group felt that free choice of physician was very important, whereas the subscribers to the group health plan did not place such importance on this factor. Both groups were satisfied with their care, although there were some expected differences.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Epidemiological investigations of lung disease induced by occupational exposures often require prevalence estimates for various respiratory symptoms in subjects without the exposure in question. A standard respiratory questionnaire was administered to carefully selected, nonexposed blue-collar workers (n = 1,372), and linear logistic prediction equations were developed for nine symptoms. For each smoking status, equations were fit employing race, sex, age, height, weight, and education as independent variables. These results can be used as descriptive statistics, as prediction equations from an external control group, and as a guide for selecting risk factors for adjustment of symptom prevalences in other population studies.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Responding to the local business community, Sturdy Memorial Hospital developed an occupational health service. Situated about 35 miles south of Boston, Attleboro has a population of 130,000, with jewelry, chemicals, and light manufacturing as its predominant industries. Featuring plant visits by a medical director with specialty training in occupational and internal medicine, the program provides clinical, ancillary, consultative, educational, and a variety of special services. Clinical services include preplacement examinations and treatment of work-related Injuries. Ancillary services are audiometric testing, pulmonary function testing, and screening for heavy-metal exposures. Among the consultative services are evaluations as to whether a disease is work related; counseling on the reproductive hazards in the workplace; and disability evaluations. Work-site visits are conducted by an occupational health nurse who participates in medical surveillance and health promotion programs. Within two years the service has become affiliated with more than 60 firms on a non-contractual, fee-for-service basis. Economic self-sufficiency was established within 18 months of the institution of clinical services.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We investigated an outbreak of illness in electronics plant workers. Questionnaire data revealed that 98 employees experienced symptoms, including light-headedness, headache, sleepiness, and numbness/tingling of the face or extremities. Attack rates by work station followed no apparent pattern. Extensive medical and environmental evaluation, including air sampling for numerous solvents and gases, provided no physical or chemical explanation for the epidemic. Compared with well employees, ill employees were more commonly female, complained more frequently of bothersome odors, and believed that greater danger existed of the illness recurring. Blood gas analyses of seven of 11 ill workers showed respiratory alkalosis, consistent with hyperventilation. The poorly defined nature of this illness, the absence of exposures to environmental contaminants in concentrations exceeding recommended limits, and the evidence of hyperventilation suggest that this outbreak was an incident of industrial psychogenic illness.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1984

数据来源: OVID