ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relation between exercise and absenteeism due to illness and injury was assessed in 21,924 male workers. Exercisers I (engaging in exercise less than once a week), II (once or twice a week), and III (more than three times a week) had a significantly lower incidence of absence than nonexercisers. The proportion of cases of absence in exercisers I, II, and III was 10%, 10%, and 14% lower, respectively, than that of nonexercisers. The number of days absent among exercisers I, II, and III was 48%, 43%, and 26% lower, respectively, than among nonexercisers. Controlling for confounding factors by logistic analysis, significantly reduced relative risk of absence persisted among exercisers I, II, and III versus nonexercisers at 0.88, 0.90, and 0.87, respectively. These findings indicate that worker exercise was associated with absence due to illness and injury.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A decision analysis model was designed and implemented to facilitate job placement decisions. It identified relevant input parameters such as typical probability and severity of adverse outcomes for three targets—the worker himself or herself, the public, and productivity. In addition, specific factors that differentiate this specific decision instance from the “typical” are identified, including a person's specific health history, job site risk modifiers, and possible accommodation methods. Relevant societal values are also integrated, including relative importance of the three target groups (person, public, productivity) and discounting of the importance of future events. The system also includes a calculation engine to quantitatively integrate these input parameters for any number of events and modifiers to yield a single cost (expected negative utility value) for the instant situation. Cost represents risk of substantial harm, not financial cost. The decision analysis model is illustrated using a progressively more complex series of decision examples. In addition, the method of sensitivity analysis is applied, determining the extent to which the outcome is affected by varying the value assigned to an uncertain input parameter. This decision analysis approach is useful both as a heuristic (explaining the process) and as an aid in decision-making for a person with disabilities. The recently implemented Americans with Disabilities Act requires that a rational approach be utilized in such decisions, and such a model may facilitate this process.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article describes the growth and cost benefits of an on-site industrial physical therapy program. The program was initiated in 1982 at one of five plants managed by a major corporation to help reduce the costs of musculoskeletal injury. A significant reduction in the occupational absence rate was noted at the plant with the physical therapy program. Now in its tenth year, the program has produced calculated savings of $8.3 million, a benefit-to-cost ratio of greater than 9 to 1. The physical therapy program now serves approximately 50% of the company's employees and provides technical assistance in solving other work-related problems.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The validity and reliability of occupational physical activity data from survey instruments were determined in 75 men and women (age 23 to 59 years) in white-collar jobs. Data were validated against measures of cardio-respiratory fitness, body fatness, motion detection, pulmonary function, and 12 days of occupational physical activity records. More than 90% of occupational physical activity was spent in light-intensity sitting, standing, and walking. Test-retest reliability was high for most occupational questions (r ≥ .63, P < .05). Correlation coefficients between questionnaire data and validation criteria that reflect heavy-intensity physical activity were low (r < .17, P > .05). The modified Tecumseh Occupational Questionnaire and Seven-Day Recall, which classified occupational physical activity in hours per week worked and average level of ratio of associated metabolic rate for a specific activity divided by the resting metabolic rate, on the job, correlated best with physical activity records (r = .11 to .47). Validation of these self-administered questionnaires in populations with a greater diversity of jobs and occupational energy requirements is needed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Elevated levels of phosphoric acid, phosphorus pentoxide, fluorides and coal tar pitch volatiles were present in workplace air of a two-oven industrial refinery. One hundred thirty-one workers prospectively underwent annual pulmonary function testing (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and forced expiratory flow). Regression of these spirometric data, analyzed longitudinally over 3 to 7 years and also cross-sectionally reveals no residual significant effect of industrial exposure after adjusting for the effect of age and smoking. This industrial exposure contributes only weakly and inconsistently to the well-documented reduction of spirometric lung function that occurs from smoking alone. No significant reductions of spirometry occurred in exposed nonsmokers or former smokers.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID