ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Use of personal protective devices in the workplace, while intended to diminish risk of injury, may in some cases increase personal risk from environmental hazards. A case of a juvenile diabetic with complaints of near syncope while working in a plastics laminating process is analyzed. Although his symptoms might be attributed to a variety of causes, they were traced to the effects of heat stress related to wearing vapor-barrier disposable coveralls in a warm environment (85°F). A field study of asbestos workers involved in abatement of asbestos steam pipe insulation illustrates how clothing impermeable to sweat may result in elevation of core body temperature. When workers use vapor-barrier coveralls, work practices or wet bulb globe temperature limits may need to be revised to prevent heat-related injury.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exposure to carbonless copy forms has been associated with subjective reports of respiratory and skin irritation, but objective measurements of human reactions to exposure are lacking. Thirty workers with complaints of prior sensitivity to the forms were given brief, controlled exposure to vapors from carbonless forms and from bond paper in random, single-blind fashion. Nasal impedance increased 34% after exposure to carbonless forms (P < .025) and rose 8% after exposure to plain paper (P > .10). However, frequency of symptoms did not differ between the two exposure modes, and was not correlated with the nasal measurements. Quantitation of nasal congestion by this technique may be a sensitive measure of short-term reaction to inhalation of irritants.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The acute pulmonary response to three hours' exposure to 3 ppm formaldehyde (HCHO) during intermittent exercise was evaluated in nine healthy nonsmokers. The protocol consisted of clean air on the first day and HCHO on the second day with a 24-hour follow-up on the third day. Pulmonary function, nonspecific airway reactivity, and symptoms were assessed daily. Thirty minutes of HCHO exposure resulted in a 2% decrease in forced expiratory volume at one second (P < .05) and a 7% decrease in forced midexpiratory flow rate25%–75%(P < .01): however, these effects were no longer present between 60 and 180 minutes. There was also a significant increase in odor (P < .02), nose or throat irritation (P < .01), and eye irritation (P < .01) with exposure. No changes in pulmonary function or airway reactivity were observed 24 hours after exposure. Acute exposure to 3 ppm HCHO produced small, transient decreases in pulmonary function and mild to moderate eye and upper respiratory tract irritation.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Follow-up mortality data from ten groups of employed persons are compared to the mortality rates of the United States general population. Comparisons related to the healthy worker effect (HWE) are computed. As measured by a relative comparison, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), the HWE is seen to have a dynamic phase and a plateau phase in relation to length of follow-up. In contrast, the HWE as measured by an absolute comparison has little relationship to length of follow-up. Age at entrance into follow-up is strongly related to the absolute risk of mortality, but has little or no relation to the relative risk (SMR). Issues related to the evaluation and minimization of the healthy worker effect are discussed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five occupants of an office developed symptoms compatible with organophosphate intoxication after application of chlorpyrifos, a moderately toxic pesticide. Recovery of erythrocyte cholinesterase levels occurred during the subsequent three months but followed an exponential distribution rather than the constant rate of recovery most investigators have assumed. This pattern suggests redistribution of the active organophosphate after absorption to a second body compartment with subsequent slow release of the still active substance into the bloodstream.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The mortality experience of a cohort of approximately 9,000 traced men employed at a Tennessee chemical plant was examined between 1972 and 1982. Statistically significant total mortality deficits of 41% to 46% and 14%, respectively, were observed compared with general population and occupational controls. Cancer deaths were 22% (significant) below expectation based on state and national vital statistics, whereas comparison with an employed group showed no difference. Significantly low mortality differentials were also reported for other major causes, including diseases of the circulatory, respiratory, and digestive systems. Analysis of the data by length of employment, payroll status, and chemical production division demonstrated no unusual patterns. The cohort's favorable mortality experience may be attributed to such factors as employee selectivity, health maintenance, accessibility to medical care, and less cigarette smoking.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Researchers conducted an epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak of brucellosis at a meat-packing plant, where work was interrupted by a strike. The investigation revealed that the risk of infection with brucellosis may coincide with the rate at which reactor cattle are slaughtered, a factor often overlooked in other reports which investigated outbreaks of brucellosis. The slaughter of 20 to 25 reactor cattle per day was the estimate of the critical number of reactor cattle when the risk of infection is most likely to occur. Of the 193 workers studied, 17 (8.8%) were seropositive, but only eight (4.1%) were presumptive cases. Young, newly employed workers who did not wear glasses were at greatest risk of infection.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID