ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An epidemiologic analysis of accidental injury hospitalizations was conducted to determine if risk varied by seniority, cause, or duty status for major operational and support activities in the US Navy. Computerized archival medical data were used to select all male enlisted personnel who were hospitalized due to an accidental injury during the period 1977 to 1979 (N = 21,295). Comparison of hospitalization rates between shore-based and sea-based personnel revealed that duty aboard destroyers, replenishment ships, and conventional carriers significantly increased an individual's risk of injury. An inverse relationship was observed between injury risk and seniority. Athletic, automobile, and motorcycle accidents accounted for 63% of all off-duty hospitalizations; machinery, falls, and miscellaneous accidents were the most frequent (56%) causes of on-duty hospitalizations. A positive and significant correlation observed between on-duty and off-duty hospitalizations suggests that common personal attributes may operate in both settings to exacerbate injury risk. Identification of high-risk groups will help focus preventive and corrective efforts.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Between Jan 1, 1981, and Aug 31, 1983, 1,323 Ohio State University Hospital employees were screened tor hepatitis B. There were 105 employees (cases) with present or past evidence of hepatitis B virus infection, and 210 randomly selected employees (controls) with no evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Using logistic regression analyses to develop a risk index, the best predictive model indicated that nonwhites, males, discontinuity of employment, and frequency of contact with blood products constituted the most important risk factors in acquiring hepatitis B virus infections. Those with no blood product contact were at higher risk than those exposed to blood products. Thus, although there was a gradient of risk among those exposed to blood products, the findings suggest other factors may contribute more substantially to the risk than the exposure variables tested.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the energy requirement of simulated stair climbing. Metabolic costs of climbing stairs in getting to the scene of a fire can be very demanding for fire personnel. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were measured on 17 fire fighters during each of three conditions: (1) stair climbing without fire-fighting uniform or equipment, (2) stair climbing with fire-fighting uniform and equipment, and (3) pedaling a bicycle ergometer in a graded maximal exercise test. These three conditions were designed to determine (1) baseline reference values, (2) actual work task measures, and (3) maximum reference values. Results showed that climbing stairs with an 8-inch rise at 60 steps per minute with fire fighter's uniform and equipment (86.5 pounds) for five minutes required heart rates to reach 95% (84 to 100) of maximum effort, and oxygen consumption measures were found to be 80% (63 to 97) of maximum. It was concluded for the personnel studied that the rate of energy cost of climbing a simulated staircase with uniform and equipment required an ability to consume at least 2.7 L of oxygen per minute and 39 mL/kg/min.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effects of a pilot health promotion program at AT & T Communications were evaluated. The study group was given an initial health risk appraisal and offered health education modules. A control group was given the health risk appraisal with no modules; a second control group was neither given the health risk appraisal nor offered modules. The health promotion program was found to lower health risks and improve health-related and job-related attitudes among the study group. Participants in specific intervention modules experienced gains in positive health behaviors.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Using a population-based cancer registry to identify subjects, a case-control study of female cosmetologists in Los Angeles County was conducted to investigate possible occupational and environmental causes for the elevated lung cancer risk found in this group. A standardized questionnaire was administered to proxy informants for deceased lung cancer patients and deceased nonpulmonary cancer control patients. No associations between lung cancer and specific beauty shop tasks, beauty product use, or environmental exposures were observed in the crude analysis or after controlling for smoking status. Case subjects had held more jobs outside of cosmetology than control subjects, but these jobs did not appear to be associated with any known hazardous exposures. Despite the elevated risk of lung cancer among female cosmetologists, researchers were unable to relate this excess to any specific occupational tasks or exposures. The excess of lung cancer in cosmetologists is most likely accounted for by a higher frequency of smoking in this occupational group.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1986

数据来源: OVID