ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The recognition, evaluation, and control of embryotoxins in the workplace are toxicologically and administratively complex and present challenging circumstances to the occupational health professional and to the workplace manager. Accommodating the expectations of society and complying with existing laws and regulations make this complex problem even more difficult. By carefully applying the same toxicological considerations and control measures as are used for other chemicals which present different toxic hazards, exposures of susceptible persons to embryotoxins can be prevented or maintained at safe levels without unnecessary restriction of the opportunity for meaningful employment for any class of persons.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Use of the powered log splitter in processing wood for fuel has emerged as an important source of disabling hand injury in the Vermont area. Thirteen such injuries are reviewed and two representative cases are presented. Physicians are advised of this new mechanism of injury and the public is warned of the danger in using these machines.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study evaluated the NASA/Johnson Space Center's blood pressure screening program, which was designed to identify the proportion of NASA employees who were hypertensive and to identify self-report variables related to elevated pressures. In 1978, a random sample of 392 employees was selected from over 2,100 NASA employees. Twenty-eight percent were classified as hypertensive by the criterion of systolic pressure of 140 or above or diastolic pressure of 90 or greater. Approximately 16% of all employees had a history of hypertension; the remaining 12% of the identified hypertensives were unaware of their potential health problem. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated systolic pressures were more prevalent in the older, heavier employees. Of hypertensives under treatment, about 74% were under poor control as judged from blood pressures randomly taken at their place of employment. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of screening for unsuspecting hypertensives in industry.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The standardized mortality ratio is a widely used and often criticized summary statistic for studies of occupational mortality. In this paper the authors discuss practical conditions under which relative risk can reasonably be approximated by the standardized mortality ratio. When the true relative risk is greater than 100%, the standardized mortality ratio overestimates relative risk no matter how small the mortality rates or how short the age bands utilized in the analysis. However, when the excessive mortality is consistent across the age bands, the standardized mortality ratio can usefully approximate relative risk for some applications, such as those involving site-specific cancers, providing the age bands employed are not too large.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This paper reviews the epidemiology of lung cancer in uranium miners in northern Ontario whose cumulative exposure was relatively low and who were exposed only for a short period of time. The development of the “epidemic” is demonstrated chronologically and in terms of latency. An apparent difference between the effects of short-term and of more prolonged radiation is shown. A dose-response effect is demonstrated at all levels. Analysis of tumor type suggests that there may be a difference in dose-response between the two principal types encountered. The relationship of the geographic location of exposure to the final residence at death is reviewed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is a preventable occupational disorder of the respiratory system resulting from exposure to and retention of respirable coal dust. It exists in two distinguishable forms: simple, which is seldom if ever disabling, and complicated, also known as progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), which is sometimes totally disabling and is associated with a high mortality rate. The disease affects a small proportion of active U.S. miners, and only a very small number develop PMF. In its more advanced stages, the disorder is characterized by shortness of breath. Scientific criteria for diagnosis are well established but are not followed in the U.S. because of Federal law and regulation. However, an acceptable scheme for classification of chest radiographs exists. Black lung benefits payable to miners, their survivors and dependents are approaching $2 billion annually, and regulations concerning eligibility for such benefits are intentionally slanted to make it possible for claimants to receive benefits in a manner not consistent with regulations governing similar payments to other occupationally employed persons or in accordance with established medical criteria.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID