ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Occupational Medicine Forum presents questions of general interest received by the ACOEM Committee on Occupational Medical Practice. Answers usually are prepared by the Committee, representing the composite best judgment of its members. Such replies do not necessarily represent an official position of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. In some cases, the responses will be prepared at the Committee's request by consultants with special qualifications in specific fields. Questioners are not named. Readers who wish to submit questions to the Committee should address inquiries to: Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55 W. Seegers Rd, Arlington Heights, IL 60005.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Homicide is the third leading cause of injury death in the workplace. The death certificate-based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system and estimates of annual employment were used to calculate average annual rates of work-related homicide for detailed industries and occupations for the nation for 1980 to 1989. Workers in the taxicab industry had the highest rate of work-related homicide (26.9 per 100,000 workers). High rates were also identified for workers providing public and private security, and in a number of retail trade and service industries. For many high-risk industries, the risk was excessive for male workers only. Differences between rates for black and nonblack workers varied across industries and occupations. Immediate efforts to protect workers, and long-term efforts to describe and study work-related homicide thoroughly and to evaluate interventions are needed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) that occurred in employees from one university academic department were investigated using approaches for both cluster and single case investigation. Common personal characteristics and potential past hazardous exposures were evaluated. The patients shared a young age at diagnosis, worked in the same building, and had similar duration of time between first entering the building and diagnosis of WM. No evidence was found to support the original hypothesis that exposure to radioactive material could be related to the occurrence of WM. Although this investigation did not identify a common causal agent among two cases of a rare disease, investigations of disease clusters may be useful for developing etiologic hypotheses even when a full-scale epidemiologic study is not undertaken. Detailed descriptions of case characteristics can help generate ideas for further research.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although many occupational injury studies have been conducted on the construction industry, fatal injuries and lost work time injuries in this industry continue to rank among the highest in the nation. This paper presents an analysis of nonfatal (1981 through 1986) and fatal (1980 through 1989) traumatic occupational injuries in the construction industry using the Supplementary Data System and the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities data bases. The lost workday case rate in construction was 10.1 per 100 full-time workers, which was nearly 2.5 times the occupational injury rate for all industries combined. The construction industry had an overall fatality rate of 25.6 per 100,000 full-time workers. This rate was more than 3.5 times the occupational fatality rate for all industries in the United States for the same period. To prevent occupational injuries and fatalities in the construction industry, intervention measures need to target specific occupations: machine operators, transportation workers, and craftspeople. Intervention measures also need to target such causes of injury as falls, electrocutions, and motor vehicle incidents.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article presents the recommendations of a national multidisciplinary consensus panel brought together to discuss the medical problems facing the troubled Workers' Compensation System. The process, organized by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, was needed because participants in the System seldom communicate with nor understand the other's positions. Altogether 119 individuals representing employers, insurers, allied health professionals, administrators, lawyers, legislators, unions, and physicians participated in a year-long iterative process agreeing on 38 high-priority problems, and developing solution papers for 14 of them. These papers were discussed at a workshop that generated 48 recommendations in 6 categories, including guideline development, temporary modified work, education, prevention, patient advocacy, and legislative and regulatory changes. A post-process evaluation by the participants strongly endorsed this process as an effective way to improve communication and urged similar state or regional panels.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Serum levels of p53 protein were examined in 23 cases of lung cancer (many with potential asbestos exposure), 23 unexposed matched hospital control subjects, 58 unmatched general population control subjects, and 4 people with nonmalignant lung disease using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western immunoblotting. Average levels of serum p53 in the lung cancer patients (0.55 ng/mL) were higher than in the cases of nonmalignant lung disease (0.42 ng/mL) or in the matched (0.32 ng/mL) or unmatched (0.31 ng/mL) control subjects, but the differences were not statistically significant. However, three of the cases of lung cancer (13%) were found to have serum p53 levels much greater than those of the control subjects (>2 SD above the mean) and to have confirmatory positive Western blots for p53. The tumors from these subjects demonstrated increased levels of p53 in the tissue by immunohistochemistry and/or the presence of mutations in the p53 gene. These results suggest that p53 protein can be detected in serum in a portion of lung cancer cases with p53 alterations in the tumor tissue.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

There is a current trend for corporations to switch from in-house medical departments to outside contract organizations for provision of occupational health services. Although this may be driven by a desire to reduce expenses, there is little objective data on which to base this decision. This study compares the costs to a corporation of an in-house medical department with the costs for the same services if rendered by outside providers. Costs of the in-house department were obtained from company records. Prevailing charges for outside provider services were determined by an invoice survey and from other sources. We found that the cost for the in-house medical department was 42% less than that of the outside providers at the prevailing rates. Thus, the in-house medical department is more cost-effective than the outside providers. We also discuss other advantages of an in-house department that are more difficult to quantify.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1994

数据来源: OVID