ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Exposure of workers to dinitrotoluene (DNT) was evaluated at a DNT manufacturing plant. Urine was collected over 72 hours; work diaries were prepared daily; breathing zone air was sampled; and skin and environmental surfaces were wiped. Chemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography or gas chromatography I mass spectrometry. Proportions of urinary DNT and metabolites deviated substantially from those reported in rats exposed to 2,4-DNT; but as with rats, females appeared to excrete considerably more dinitrobenzyl glucuronide. Between persons on any one day and within persons on different days, considerable variation existed in the proportions of metabolites excreted. The peak rate of excretion was likely to occur toward the end of a work shift or shortly afterward. Most urinary metabolites related to exposure during an eight-hour shift had been excreted by the start of work the following day. Estimates of the maximum one-day exposure incurred by a participant in this study ranged from 0.24 to 1.00 mg of technical-grade DNT per kilogram of body weight. A large proportion of the DNT absorbed by DNT operators and loaders, it is suggested, may have entered through the skin or the gastrointestinal tract.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Because polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been implicated as potentially toxic to humans and because the electric utility industry is thought to have significant opportunity for occupational exposure, a study was performed to identify electric utility personnel with the highest PCB exposure potential and to assess their current blood PCB concentrations. For currently employed personnel, a median PCB plasma value of 3 ppb with a mean of 4 ± 3.65 ppb was found; for a preemployment sample the median was 4 ppb with a mean of 5 ± 4.25 ppb. PCB concentrations in blood of these personnel are similar to concentrations reported for other populations without occupational exposure. No adverse health impacts would be expected to result from these blood concentrations. These data indicate that no significant occupational exposure has occurred in this utility. This study shows the importance of assessing exposure potential at specific worksites prior to making general exposure or hazard assessments.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Epidemiologic research into occupationally related lung disease often requires the comparison of a study population with an external reference group. To establish such a reference group, carefully selected blue-collar workers who had no obvious adverse occupational pulmonary exposure performed simple spirometry, were administered a standard questionnaire, and had standard chest roentgenograms taken. Prediction equations were established for six pulmonary function indices, and a method is given for using these equations to compare a study group with this external nonexposed group. Asymptomatic nonsmokers with negative roentgenograms were extracted from the overall group, and comparison with published data for other such normal groups indicated that the present group is similar to most of them, indicating that there are no serious biases in the present group.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Clinical decision analysis techniques may be particularly valuable in occupational medicine. A simple decision analysis model for choosing the “best” criterion for change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) for diagnosing occupational asthma is presented. Unlike the traditional statistical approach to selecting criterion values, it considers more of the factors that affect clinical decision making, including the value of possible outcomes. This also illustrates the effect of alternate administrative goals such as maximizing benefit to the individual, minimizing cost, or optimizing the cost-benefit ratio.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A variety of evidence suggests that chronic exposure to low doses of anesthetic gases, as occurs in the occupational setting, is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion and congenital defects. The major epidemiologic studies are reviewed, and it is suggested that, due to significant flaws in the design and conduct of these observational studies, there is inadequate evidence to conclude that occupational exposure to anesthetic agents causes increased rates of spontaneous abortion or congenital anomalies.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relevance of occupational exposure to electrical and magnetic fields (EMF) in the etiology of leukemia has been raised in several studies. Underground coal miners represent an occupational group with situationally determined EMF exposure, as high-voltage power distribution lines are strung overhead in the mines and converters and step-down transformers provide power to mining equipment. Risk in occupational exposure to EMF was examined in a case-control study of 40 leukemia decedents and 160 control subjects who died of causes other than cancer or accident and who were matched on age at death. The control subjects were selected from a group of 6,066 persons whose deaths were reported in four National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health cohort mortality follow- up studies. Based on these data, 25 or more years of underground mining, a surrogate of EMF exposure, was found to pose a statistically significant risk for leukemia (International Classification of Diseases /ICDJ codes 204 through 207, eighth revision), myelogenous leukemia (ICD 205), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (ICD 204.1). Accumulative exposure to chemical agents probably poses a risk for acute myelogenous leukemia, although this relationship fell short of being statistically significant. Although CLL has not previously been attributed to environmental agents, these data suggest a possible CLL risk from prolonged exposure to EMF.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID