ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The potential usefulness of thermography as an aid to the diagnosis of neuro-musculo-skeletal disease in occupational settings is discussed. The characteristics of the infrared spectrum are briefly outlined, followed by a description of basic concepts and technics necessary to ensure reproducible results. A pilot study demonstrating the association between thermographic changes and back pain is presented. Findings are compared with normal thermograms and are statistically evaluated. Thermography seems to have the potential to be developed into a useful tool of occupational medicine in general.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 30-year historical cohort mortality study was made of 264 men hired during 1935–45 who worked in a chrysotile asbestos products factory for one year or more and were alive January 1, 1945. Follow-up was 94% complete. The overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was only 0.61 while the SMR for all cancers was 0.75, for lung cancer 0.93, and for gastrointestinal cancer 1.05. Two men died of asbestosis. The overall SMR was higher for men who worked five years or more than for men who worked one to four years but the 30-year mortality rates were the same after age adjustment. For asbestos-related diseases the differences in work duration had no effect on mortality. The data show a favorable mortality experience for men exposed to chrysotile alone.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This industry-wide epidemiologic study to evaluate the human carcinogenicity of the chloromethyl ethers (CME) included 1827 CME-exposed workers and 8870 controls. Duration and relative intensity of exposure were classified by job description in the personnel records. This information permitted assigning relative magnitude of exposure scores for each job category at several plants, with allowance for temporal changes in the plant processes. Social security records were used for the ascertainment of deaths among separated employees. Death certificates were obtained for virtually all known deaths, and hospital pathology reports were obtained where possible for the cancer-related deaths. No differences in noncancer death rates were found. An increased risk of respiratory cancer death in CME-exposed workers was found at only one firm where high exposures are known to have occurred. A clear dose-response relationship with risk ratios exceeding ten for the longest duration and greatest exposure subgroups was demonstrated for this firm.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In comparing the smelter with the mine, concentrator, and State of Utah, it was found that they were very similar in the percentage of deaths due to all causes except lung cancer; 7.0% of all deaths at the smelter were due to lung cancer compared to 2.2% for the mine, 2.2% for the concentrator, and 2.7% for the state. The excess at the smelter was statistically significant.Approximate age-adjusted death rates were obtained for various causes of death. The rates for the smelter are higher than for the mine and the state for lung cancer and for all causes combined. The average age at death for smelter workers is nearly the same as for mine employees, even for those who died of lung cancer.Smoking data was examined and there was no indication of a smoking synergism. Cumulative exposure indices for SO2, H2SO4mist, As, Pb, and Cu were computed for each deceased smelter worker based n the length of time he worked in each of 12 major areas. Those who died of lung cancer had the highest average exposure index for all five constituents.Stack emission data showed much higher levels of As and SO2prior to 1959.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The firefighter's exposure to carbon monoxide represents a relatively constant occupational hazard. Unfortunately, attempts to predict the level of this exposure in work situations have failed to be of practical benefit. This study was designed to examine the several determinants of carbon monoxide uptake by firefighters in a controlled situation. Twenty firefighters were monitored for heart rate and Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels during a search-and-rescue drill in a smoke-filled building. Carbon monoxide levels were maintained at 200 to 1000 ppm. Heart rates increased to 90% of maximum for age within minutes, and COHb levels increased at more than 1% per minute. The use of breathing apparatus provided full protection from uptake of COHb but was associated with significantly increased heart rates. The results show that exertional levels and, therefore, ventilatory rates may be so great during firefighting that even in moderate or low levels of atmospheric carbon monoxide the COHb can rise to dangerous levels within minutes. These findings suggest that no firefighter should be allowed to work in a burning or smoke-filled structure without the protection of breathing apparatus.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A mortality study of sea pilots operating in the Federal Republic of Germany was undertaken following a similar study in Britain. An excess mortality from cardiac disease in this occupational group compared with the male population of Hamburg was noted — a finding similar to the previous British study. This excess is most noticeable in the 31 to 50 year old group in which the pilots experienced 22 cardiac deaths while only four would have been expected, based on Hamburg males mortality experience. Furthermore, in the decade 1950–59, the pilots experienced 30 cardiac deaths compared to an expected ten. Present estimates suggest that the pilots' mortality is now similar to the general population rate. Although this excess cardiac mortality is probably related to established coronary artery disease risk factors, occupational stress may also be involved. There was a statistically significant rise in catecholamines during three pilotage operations for each of five volunteer pilots (p less than 0.01). A detailed work load study is required to clarify the role of stress and close occupational surveillance of pilots is needed.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Fluctuating carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the ambient air and recent smoking can lower the accuracy of the end-expired air sampling technic in COHb estimation, which involves the calculation of a regression equation relating measured carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels to CO levels in end-expired air after breathholding. Data collected under both laboratory and field conditions using this technic are presented in this study to suggest that, for increased accuracy of COHb estimation, researchers should allow volunteers who have just smoked or are working in an atmosphere of fluctuating ambient CO levels to breathe a low CO atmosphere (<10 ppm) for at least two minutes before sampling, preferably an atmosphere close in CO level to that in which originally the blood and breath samples were collected to establish the regression equation.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID