ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The Occupational Medical Forum presents questions of general interest received by the AOMA Committee on Occupational Medical Practice. Answers usually are prepared by the Committee, representing the composite best judgment of its members. Such replies do not necessarily represent an official position of the American Occupational Medical Association. In somecases,the responses will be prepared at the Committee's request by consultants with special qualifications in specific fields. Questioners are not named. Readers who wish to submit questions to the Committee should address inquiries to: Committee on Occupational Medical Practice, American Occupational Medical Association, 2340 S. Arlington Heights Rd., Arlington Heights, IL 60005.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Occupational mass psychogenic illness is a poorly understood phenomenon that is probably underreported in the literature. Several recent outbreaks illustrate the main features, including explosive onset usually triggered by a physicochemical stimulus; disproportionate involvement of relatively uneducated, low-paid women who perform highly routine tasks; diverse symptoms with scarcity of physical signs or laboratory findings; frequent absence of usual symptoms caused by the putative contaminant; recurrences in affected individuals when they congregate; and benign morbidity and lack of sequelae. Inappropriate handling of these outbreaks can lead to prolonged employee disability and disrupted production. Though the etiology of epidemic psychogenic illness often remains uncertain, a sufficient body of knowledge exists to plan a rational prevention and management program.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Changes in the respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function of 441 grain elevator workers and a control group of 180 civic workers during a three-year period were compared. The grain handlers who left their jobs during the interval between the first and second surveys were found to have shown a significantly higher prevalence of cough and shortness of breath at the beginning of the study period than those who remained employed; this difference was not observed among the civic workers. The grain and civic workers who were examined on both occasions showed similar longitudinal changes in their symptoms and pulmonary function. Nevertheless, the results of this study are biased by the healthy worker effect among the grain handlers.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

To systematically evaluate bias in estimating relative risks associated with occupational exposures obtained in the absence of smoking data, the authors compared crude and smoking-adjusted standardized mortality ratios for selected occupations using data from a study of U.S. veterans. Crude and smoking-adjusted SMRs were highly correlated: lung cancer (r=.88), bladder cancer (r=.98), and intestinal cancer (r =.97). Greater differences occurred for lung cancer, which is more strongly related to smoking than bladder or intestinal cancer.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted on 17,601 white and 4,722 nonwhite male workers in the Florida phosphate mining and chemical processing industry. Concerns about potential risks from naturally-occurring sources of ionizing radiation and anecdotal reports of lung cancer among workers prompted this investigation. Historical follow-up was conducted for the years 1949 to 1978. In comparison with U.S. rates, small excess of mortality rates of lung cancer were observed for white (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] equals 1.22) and nonwhite workers (SMR = 1.24); however, these excesses disappeared when contrasts were made with prevailing rates in Florida. Emphysema mortality was also slightly elevated in comparison with U.S. rates; the SMRs were 1.48 and 1.73 for while and nonwhite workers, respectively. Neither disease was related to overall length of employment. Detailed analyses of mortality in relation to work assignments are presented in the companion article.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Small excesses of lung cancer and emphysema mortality had been detected among an historical cohort of 17,601 white and 4,722 nonwhite Florida phosphate industry workers. Internal mortality rate comparisons were made between worker subcohorts classified according to length of employment in 76 work areas and according to employment duration in jobs grouped by potential exposures to 10 agents, including alpha radiation. The only consistent associations seen were increased lung cancer mortality rates among long-term workers in plant-wide services and skilled crafts jobs. There was no evidence to support causal associations with exposures characteristic of the phosphate industry.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A rationale is presented for designing screening-type eye examinations to document visual capabilities for specific jobs or changes in visual function following exposure to specific ocular hazards. Possible applications to clinical situations are also discussed. A battery of tests that includes contrast (glare) sensitivity, distortions in macular imaging, and color vision is detailed for use with three populations: automobile driver's license applicants, visual display operators, and laser users, including military as well as nonmilitary installers and repairers of optical fibers for communications.

ISSN:0096-1736    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1985

数据来源: OVID