摘要:

The effects of risk aversion and of arbitration costs on bargaining outcomes are investigated using data from 171 simulated negotiations. The results are generally consistent with predictions from a simple economic bargaining model. We find strong evidence that directs costs of arbitration lead to higher rates of agreement. There is only weak evidence the risk aversion is related to the probability of agreement, but negotiated settlements seems to favor the less risk‐averse bargaine

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper investigates how Britain's largest employee‐owned firm, the John Lewis Partnership, performs relative to its major competitors. In the context of John Lewis's unique constitutional structure, employee ownership appears to offer significant advantages in the market place. It is difficult to assess the relative importance of particular policies; as a group, employee ownership, open information flows, high wages, and profit share are clearly associated with high productivit

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper uses data on employee wages and characteristics drawn from a nationwide sample of firms to re‐examine the determinants of employee productivity and earnings. The results show that previous experience and tenure in the current job have significant, positive effects on wages and productivity. Hours of training are positively related to productivity and wage growth but generally not to levels of either. Lastly, gender effects are evident. Productivity growth and current productivity levels are slightly higher for females while their wages are significantly lowe

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the causes and consequences of the racial structure of railroad internal labor markets in the American South. By 1900, many southern railroads hired blacks almost exclusively for middle‐level occupations on their trains but did not permit their promotion to top‐level positions. This institutionalized bias in promotion helps explain the employment of whites and blacks at identical jobs but different wages. It also explains why it was impossible for some southern railroads to adopt the seniority‐based promotion ladders that had become standard on railroads elsewhere in the United S

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increases in the inequality of earnings among male workers since the late sixties have been attributed primarily to shifts in employment from goods‐producing to service‐producing activities and the baby‐boom cohort's entry into the labor market. This paper provides empirical estimates of the magnitude of these and other potential causes of the increase in earnings inequality from 1967 to 1985. The results show that changes related to the age composition of the labor force and to the industrial composition of the labor force account for only a portion of the increase in inequality. Most of the increase in unexplained by either factor. Other contributing factors include a rise in the return to education, a change in the relationship between age and education among males, and a decline in the marriage rate among younger

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compares union organizing activity and success in the United States and Canada. Based largely on certification data for the period 1976–1985, he results indicate there was a substantial decline in union organizing effectiveness in the United States and the Canadian unions were more active and successful in recruiting new members than their American counterparts. The evidence suggests that labor policy in Canada is more supportive of union organizing and the achievement of first collective agreement

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study analyzes 95 unfair labor practices involving pre‐employment discrimination against union adherents. The cases were heard either by the National Labor Relations Board or U.S. Court of Appeals between 1976 and 1986. Nonsupervisory, unskilled applicants who suffer preemployment discrimination by employers that display antiunion sentiments during union organizing campaigns have a lower probability of winning their cases than to skilled applicants. Pre‐employment screening of job applications with prounion backgrounds or attitudes is often part of a larger pattern of unfair labor practices by management. The Dotson administration also supported management's rejection of prounion applicants at a significantly higher rate than did other NLRB administrati

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Secularly declining employment has characterized the postwar railroad industry. This study identifies some causes of this decline by testing an industry employment function. The introduction of new techniques of production, especially the conversion from steam to diesel locomotives, along with rising wages and deregulation, are found to be the primary factors behind the fall in industry employment.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00766.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, a model of union decertification activity in the U.S. is estimated for 1960, 1970, 1975, and 1980. Cross‐state data permit the use of regressors capturing the effects of demographic, political, and organizational factors not included in previous research on decertification. The estimated results confirm these effects. Tests for stability over the pooled sample periods 1960–1970 and 1975–1980 show some variability in the strength of the variables' ef

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00767.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Corporations are implementing employee involvement programs in both union and nonunion settings in response to growing environmental pressures. This study examines the relationships among environmental pressures, corporate ideology, and participative practices in union and nonunion settings and tests two industrial relations models. Questionnaires measuring environmental pressures, corporate ideology, and participation were completed and returned by the Vice President of Human Resources (or similar corporate executive) in 159 of the largest manufacturing companies in the United States. Multiple regression results show that environmental pressures exert little effect on corporate ideology, but ideology has a significant effect on participative practices in both union and nonunion settings.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1990.tb00768.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY