ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mean total family earnings differ greatly by family structure (the number, age, and gender of adults, and the presence or absence of children and dependent elders). This study classifies families into seven major types by structure, and analyzes inequality in mean earnings among these types. Differences in mean earnings among types depend primarily on the amount of labor supplied to the labor market. The quantity of labor supplied, in turn, while reflecting in part differences in the head's characteristics (such as human capital), is largely determined by family structure. Earnings changes by family type over time from 1973 to 1987 are also discussed.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Until the 1970s, wage rates converged for black and white women, especially young women. However, the pay gap between black and white women in their twenties rose. 074 log points between 1977 and 1986. This paper uses data from the 1977 National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women and the 1986 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to explore reasons for the change. Changes in the relative level of work experience and in the rate of return to schooling are emphasized.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the employment undercurrents of the divergence in black‐white wages for young males in the 1980s. By integrating school‐to‐work transition literature with black‐white research on earnings differences, we establish a framework for linking employment during the school‐to‐work transition and subsequent wage differentials. We empirically confirm this link using the youth cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys. Results suggest that the higher rates of joblessness among a subset of black youth directly translate into lower earnings for blacks and produce black‐white wage divergence. Young black males with extremely high levels of joblessness during the school‐to‐work period face the greatest reduction

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper, a neoclassical model of interindustry wage dispersion is derived and used to examine explicitly the fundamental role of microeconomic variables in determining relative wage movements. The empirical results demonstrate that the variance of labor quality and capital intensities across sectors are the primary determinants of the movement of the dispersion of relative wages within the manufacturing sector in the postwar period. Although the relative wage structure exhibits some response to unemployment, it is not sensitive to changes in inflation. The macro variables were also of limited quantitative importance in explaining changes in the relative wage structure.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Despite the claims of efficiency wage theory, there is surprisingly little direct evidence that firms that pay higher wages have lower turnover rates than otherwise similar firms. This study uses data on 205 child care establishments to examine the influence of wages, fringe benefits, and the dispersion of wages within a skill class on establishment quit and fire rates. We separately examine one high‐skill group (teachers) and one lowskill group (teacher aides). While we find that wages (alone) significantly reduce establishment quit and fire rates, the effect seems too small to be consistent with the efficiency wage hypothesi

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Efficiency wage theory as incorporated in the shirking model predicts that firms may substitute wage premiums for costly monitoring. This means that wage premiums should be expected for loosely monitored workers. By regarding extensive monitoring as a lack of job autonomy, efficiency wage theory predicts a positive relation between autonomy and wages. The theory of compensating wage differentials, however, predicts a negative relation between autonomy and wages. When workers prefer autonomous jobs, employers have to offer higher wages for less autonomous jobs in order to recruit labor.Swedish micro data are analyzed in order to examine the predictions of these theories. A proxy for the monitoring problem of the firm measures workers' possibilities of effort variation. Since this proxy is autonomy, it enables us to test the two rival hypotheses on the relation between job autonomy and wages. We find a positive relation in the private sector as predicted by the efficiency wage hypotheses and a negative relation in the case of the public sector, which accords with the theory of compensating wage differentials.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The women in management literature contend that mentorship and sex‐role style affect women's career success and ultimately earnings. We use data from the public accounting profession (N = 833) and a human capital wage decomposition model to examine the effect of mentorship and sex‐role style on male‐female wages and wage differentials. The results suggest that career mentorship modestly increases only women's earnings. However, sex‐role style was found to significantly interact with gender to affect earnings and earnings differ

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1994.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY