摘要:

This article describes how Australia's conciliation and arbitration system emerged in the eighteen nineties and the key role it still plays in that county's labor relations. The respective roles of unions, management, and conciliation and arbitration are discussed, as are dispute resolution procedures at the national, industry‐occupational, company, and plant levels. The functions of strikes and other forms of “industrial action” are exa

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb00997.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Australia, quasi‐judicial conciliation and arbitration tribunals set the terms and conditions under which the majority of employees work. Many commentators maintain that the activities of these tribunals have significantly affected the county's labor market and the operation of the economy. This paper outlines the distinguishing characteristics of Australia's wage determination system and reviews the research concerning its labor market consequences. Recent evidence suggests that critics of the system may have overstated their cas

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb00998.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years, Australian unions and the Federal Government have developed a close working relationship. Employers, by contrast, have remained isolated and divided. This article examines their problems and responses in the context of deteriorating economic circumstances. It argues that the macro level Labor Accords have actually served employers' interests well by providing a stable industrial relations environment and by encouraging greater management control and efficiency at the micro level.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb00999.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

American employees receive substantially less paid vacation than Europeans despite earning higher real wages and having greater personal wealth. Here we present past and current averages for individual countries, along with a brief history of the growth of paid vacations in the U.S. and Europe. Regression analyses of individual household data from the U.S. indicate that union membership substantially influences the length of vacation time for U.S. workers. This finding helps explain why the U.S. vacation time average is lower than the European average.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb01000.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper investigates the wage and employment effects of Hispanic immigration on native‐born, low‐skilled urban workers. The study develops a multiquation model to counter simultaneity bias, isolates the impact of recent illegal aliens from that of settled immigrants and of native interstate movers, calculates separate estimates for female and male employees, subdivided by race and Spanish origin, and tests both conventional and dual labor market theories. The results indicate that recent immigration has not had substantial adverse wage or employment effe

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb01001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For many purposes, the economic impact of unions is better measured by the proportion of union wages in total payrolls rather than by the proportion of unionized employees in the overall workforce. We use recently available Current Population Survey data to generate estimates of the former. We also show that published data from the Survey on median union and nonunion wages produce substantially larger estimates of the union 1 nonunion wage differential than figures based on mean wages. Finally, we note that the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Employment Cost Index gives undue weight to the union sector because of its Laspeyres methodology.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb01002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the impact of unions on efficiency in retail construction in the late seventies. Square footage put in place per hour is 51 per cent greater for union than nonunion contractors. The study finds no difference in mean cost per square foot and offers mixed econometric evidence on Tran slog cost functions. There is also no difference in profit rates or prices between union and nonunion contractors.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb01003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Firms using hazardous technologies face strong incentives to reduce job skill and training requirements so as to minimize the level of compensating wage differentials they must pay. This note examines the outcome of this process in terms of the location of hazardous occupations within the overall structure of jobs. Using four independent sources of data for the period 1974 to 1982, hazardous Occupations are found to offer significantly less worker autonomy, less on‐the‐job training, poorer promotion possibilities, greater risk of temporary and permanent layoff, and lower wage levels than safe occupati

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb01004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using wage data developed by Smith (1984), this paper compares human capital and institutional explanations of trends in the racial wage gap since 1890. While a regression including daily schooling variables is consistent with the human capital theory, so is an institutional model which omits schooling variables but adds the influences of isolation in the rural South, discriminatory hiring and promotion practices, unemployment, and government policy. Including schooling and institutional variables together casts doubt on the relative importance of schooling compared to labor market demands and political variables.

ISSN:0019-8676    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-232X.1988.tb01005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY