摘要:

Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine whether a scale including frequency scores of antisocial behaviour is a more sensitive and better measure of antisocial involvement than a variety scale.Methods. Data from a representative sample of 1,292 Norwegian students aged 13 and 14 years was used to compare a 17‐item variety scale with two versions of a frequency scale covering the same 17 items. Internal consistency of the scales, stability coefficients (for 1‐year and 2‐year intervals), and associations with conceptually related variables (e.g. aggression, opposition, alcohol consumption) were examined.Results. Results indicated that using a scale including the (raw) frequencies of antisocial acts committed instead of a variety scale would result in reduced internal consistency, lower stability over time, smaller group differences and weaker associations with conceptually related variables. Similarly, in regression analyses the (raw) frequency scale contributed little to the explained variance in conceptually related variables over and beyond that contributed by the variety scale.Conclusions. Although the results for a log‐transformed frequency scale were about as good as for the variety scale, both practical, methodological, and to some extent, conceptual considerations argued against replacing the variety scale with the transformed frequency scale. However, there may be some minor benefits from using an appropriately transformed frequency scale as a supplement to a variety scale, and there are also situations where inclusion of frequency scores in antisocial scales may be es

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362924

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interest of young men and women in playing with fire in childhood and as adolescents.Methods. Two interview studies were performed with fifty 18‐year‐old men and forty‐five 18‐19‐year‐old women.Results. The two studies showed that playing with fire is a common phenomenon among children. In the male group, 70% reported playing with fire in childhood, and in the female group, the proportion was 44%. None of the young men played with fire at the age of 18, while 44% of the young women did. In the draftee's study, playing with fire resulted in uncontrollable fires destroying three buildings, one car and a grass wall. There was one uncontrollable fire in the girls' study. The reasons for not playing with fire in childhood were said to be parental exhortation, prohibition, supervision, fear, and respect for fire. The motives for playing with fire in childhood were curiosity and distraction in the male group, and excitement‐seeking and amusement in the

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362933

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. The main aim of the present study was to explore how offenders define bullying and how this relates to school‐based definitions, with a subsidiary aim of exploring age differences.Methods. The sample was selected from two separate prisons in the UK housing male offenders (one adult prison and one housing both young and juvenile offenders) and consisted of 322 offenders (127 adults, 95 young offenders and 100 juveniles). Offenders were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to assess their perceptions of bullying, including an assessment of what types of behaviours made up bullying based on the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist (DIPC©: Ireland, 1999).Results. Differences were found between school‐based definitions and those applied by offenders. In particular, offenders reported that a single act of aggression could be considered bullying and that there was not always an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim. Victims were often seen to provoke bullies. Bullies were not always respected by their peers and one‐quarter of offenders felt that the term ‘bullying’ was a ‘childish’ one. Offenders reported a range of discrete aggressive behaviours, both direct and indirect in nature, which could be considered to be bullying. Indirect behaviours were reported as bullying less frequently than direct behaviours.Conclusions. The study demonstrated how school‐based definitions of bullying do not readily apply to offenders and the findings are discussed in relation to the specific population and environ

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362942

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. This study considers the use of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) within an English prison population.Method. The reliability and validity of the PICTS scales were investigated, and scores compared with data from an American prison population.Results. The results suggested that the PICTS was functioning in a similar way in both populations, although the English population's scores were higher. The calculation of test‐retest change scores over the duration of 6‐12‐month sentences allowed the sensitivity of PICTS scales to change over time to be analysed, an aspect of the PICTS functioning that had not previously been examined. This analysis over time suggested that evenwhen the effect of age was controlled for, changes were occurring over the duration of the sentence.Conclusion. The potential of the PICTS as a measure of change, aswell as assessment, is disc

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362951

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. Various stalking styles were first clustered by using multidimensional scaling (MDS), and then different stalking styles were analysed against prior restrainee‐victim relationship and violation of the restraining order.Methods. The court and police files of a random sample of 240 Finnish stalking cases, in which a restraining order had been issued, were content analysed for the existence of 30 dichotomous stalking action variables. MDS was performed in order to identify different stalking styles.Results. The solution of a multidimensional scaling analysis suggested three distinct structural themes for the actions: instrumental/pursuit, instrumental/ manipulation and expressive/violence. The themes were partially associated with the nature of the prior victim‐restrainee relationship. In all, 35% of the restrainees violated the restraining order. No significant associations were found between violating the restraining order and restrainee, victim or circumstantial characteristics. Violation correlated significantly with the action themes instrumental/pursuit and expressive/violence. The number of stalking actions was also significantly higher for the stalkers who violated the restraining order. In addition, in all of the cases where the victim had voluntarily met with the restrainee, the restraining order was violated. Among the violators, the proportion of restrainees employing violent stalking actions and threats significantly decreased following the issuing of the restraining order.Conclusions. The results suggest that stalking can be interpreted thematically. Violation of the restraining orders is associated with certain stalking themes and the number of stalking actions. Further violence is decreased by the issuing of the restraining orders. Restraining orders playa significant role in victim protection and intervent

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362960

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. The rate of sexual reconviction for sexual offenders is known to be low. Sexual reconviction, however, is currently the most commonly used outcome measure in sex offender treatment evaluation studies. It is expected that sex offender treatment programmes will reduce the likelihood of reconviction amongst participants. A low base rate of sexual reconviction means that any reduction in reconviction (which could be attributed to treatment) will be small and unlikely to be statistically significant. This study aimed to assess other offence‐related outcomes for sexual offenders, in addition to reconviction.Methods. The sample comprised 173 sexual offenders who had completed a community sex offender treatment programme. Follow‐up information was collected forthe sample from programme files containing multi‐agency information. Official reconviction rates were also calculated using both Home Office and police data.Results. Collecting evidence of any offence‐related sexual behaviour during this study multiplied the sample's sexual reconviction rate by a factor of 5.3.Conclusions. The results show that broadening the outcome measure under observation indicates a higher level of offence‐related sexual behaviour displayed by sexual offenders than reflected by reconviction data. These results have implications for the outcomes measured in treatment evaluation research for sexual

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362979

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362988

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. To discover practitioners' appreciation of the legislative changes that the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999, largely implemented in 2002, will have on investigative interviewing of vulnerable groups.Method. Police officers and social workers completed a questionnaire that asked about their perceptions of the Youth Justice and Criminal Justice Act 1999.Results. Practitioners thought that a large number of interviewees would be eligible for the special measures allowed within the remit of the new act. It was believed that the act would result in achieving best evidence with respect to accuracy and recording of interviews and in less discrimination against vulnerable groups. However, it was believed that implementing the act would be demanding in terms of time and money.Conclusion. Police officers and social workers share positive and negative views concerning the implementation and efficacy of the new legislation.

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322362997

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. This paper outlines the extent and nature of judicial interventions in court cases involving witnesses with learning disabilities and from the general population.Method. Court transcripts, mainly concerning serious sexual crime, were obtained from a total of 32 witnesses, 16 involving people with learning disabilities and 16 involving people from the general population. Each intervention made by a judge was documented and coded into one of three categories: interactions with witnesses, interactions with lawyers, and interactions with the jury.Results. No significant differences were found between the judicial treatment of witnesses with learning disabilities and those from the general population. In particular, judges did not intervene more frequently tosimplify lawyers' questions, call breaks, suggest methods by which a witness could reply, ask lawyers to simplify their questions, prevent oppression of the witness and move the lawyer on, and ensure the witness could understand the question.Conclusions. The implications of the findings are that judges should intervene, as they are legally entitled, to ensure that witnesses with and without learning disabilities give the most complete and accurate evidence possible.

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322363004

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Purpose. The main aim of the study was to examine the relationship between learning (intellectual) disability and interrogative suggestibility among children (11‐12 years old) and adults.Method. The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2) was administered to 110 children and 221 adults who were categorized into three groups according to fullscale IQ scores: (1) normal IQ (>75); (2) mild impairment (IQ score 55‐75); and (3) moderate impairment (IQ score<55).Results. Highly significant differences in memory and suggestibility emerged in both the child and adult samples across groups. Using memory as a covariate in the analysis eliminated the significant group differences for ‘yield 1’ among the children, but not for adults. There was no significant influence of memory on ‘shift’ in either group. Whereas ‘shift’ was significantly influenced by intellectual disability in children, no significant difference emerged across groups among adults.Conclusions. Children and adults with learning disability have much poorer memory and higher suggestibility scores than their contemporariesof normal intelligence. Differences in suggestibility are only partly explained by poorer memory scores. The findings reveal important differences between children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Children with learning disabilities are more susceptible to altering their answers under pressure than are adults with learni

ISSN:1355-3259    

DOI:10.1348/135532503322363013

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2003

数据来源: WILEY