摘要:

In 1981 a new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was first described. The disease has a 100% mortality rate and over 359,000 cases have been reported to the WHO from 162 countries. The WHO estimates that the cumulative global total of AIDS cases as of early 1991 is more than 1.5 million. The dental profession, in line with other health care professions, is involved with guiding rational efforts to stop transmission and with developing effective means of treatment and prevention. This paper reviews the nature of the virus, its possible origins, and the implications of such origins for treatment and prevention of the disease.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One of the osteopetrotic mutations in the rat, incisors‐absent (ia), exhibits generalized skeletal sclerosis and failure or delay of tooth eruption, characteristics of other osteopetrotic mutations. Osteopetrosis iniarats is known to be due to a reduction in bone resorption, the result of the inability ofiaosteoclasts to elaborate a ruffled border. During healing of extraction wounds, especially the initial period, osteoclastic resorption of alveolar bone is considered to be a signficant feature, followed by new bone formation. We have studied extraction wound healing in osteopetrotic (ia) rats histologically in order to determine if their systemic reduction in bone resorption changes the sequence or rate of alveolar bone healing within and outside the socket after tooth extraction, Iniarats, the healing process was delayed in comparison to that of normal rats. Many osteoclasts were observed on the surface of alveolar bone, but there was little evidence of resorption. Bone formation in the socket following bone resorption was reduced and the newly formed trabeculae were irregular. In contrast, the quantity of resorption‐independent (periosteal) new bone formation outside the socket was exaggerated compared to normal animals. These data indicate that the disturbance of new bone formation in the socket is probably related to the reduction in osteoclastic bone resorpt

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The distribution of collagens type I, IV and VI, procollagen type III and of undulin was studied in four cases of ameloblastic fibroma (AF). The ectomesenchyme of AF revealed an as yet unobserved organization of these extracellular matrix proteins with collagen type VI clearly predominating over collagen type I, procollagen type III and undulin, that showed a weak and amorphous distribution throughout the tumor stroma. Undulin, a glycoprotein that is associated with mature collagen fibrils and with differentiated tissues, was not detectable in the tumor stroma of AF except for a slow expression around capillaries and in areas with a high cellularity. We could demonstrate that the characteristics of extracellular matrix composition allowed a clear distinction between the ectomesenchyme of AF and the adjacent normal mesenchymal stroma. Due to the specific staining patterns it was possible to detect epithelial tumor islands outside the typical ectomesenchymal stroma. Our findings furthermore indicate that epithelial cells of AF invade the adjacent normal mesenchyme possibly inducing de novo formation of ectomesenchymal tumor stroma.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the study was to determine if toluidine blue application and counter staining with Logul's iodine would aid in diagnosis of oral dysplastic or malignant lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were studied. Routine use of these tissue stains was found to be sensitive and specific. The use of stains provided better demarkation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and dysplastic changes and assisted in site selection for diagnostic biopsy. The use of toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine can assist in assessment of patients at risk of developing malignant disease and those with lesions that are clinically suspect of dysplasia or malignancy.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated in the genesis of oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL). Initially, OHL was also associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) as evidenced by staining with antiserum to papillomavirus common structural antigens and reports of two HPV‐positive OHL as detected by in situ DNA hybridization. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of EBV and HPV DNA in OHL and normal oral mucosa and to explain the basis for the staining of OHL tissues with antibodies to papillomavirus common structural antigens. EBV DNA was detected by in situ hybridization in 47 of 47 cases of OHL from human immunodeficiency virus (HlV)‐seropositive individuals and in 1 of 10 biopsies of clinically normal buccal mucosa from the same group of individuals. Twenty‐five of 35 OHL specimens stained with antibody to papillomavirus common structural antigens. There was no staining of two EBV‐containing lymphoblastoid lines, indicating that the staining with anti‐papillomavirus antibody was not due to antigenic cross‐reactivity with EBV antigens. HPV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification in 10 of 18 OHL specimens and in 6 of 10 normal buccal mucosa specimens. Our results indicate that EBV and HPV are present frequently in OHL and that HPV can be found regularly in histologically

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eighteen oral mucosal biopsies withCandidainfection were studied with light and electron microscopy. Under light microscopy, candidal infected oral mucosa was classified with epithelial hyperplasia, 15 cases and epithelial dysplasia, three cases. Four of 15 epithelial hyperplasias showed marked parakeratosis, and high grade acanthosis with many eosinophilic cells in the spinous cell layers. Epithelial dysplasia was characterized by atrophy of the spinous cell layers and increased nucleocytoplasmic ratio in the basal cell layers. Ultrastructurally, candidal infected oral mucosa showed numerous small desmosomes and the interdigitation of cytoplasmic membranes between spinous cells in both epithelial hyperplasia and epithelial dysplasia. Moreover, eosinophilic spinous cells, observed predominantly in epithelial hyperplasia showed intricate arrangement of dense tonofibrils. These ultrastructural findings seemed to give rise to mechanical strength between spinous cells in oral mucous epithelium withCandidainfection. Results in this study suggest that excessive hyperplasia of candidal infected oral mucosa might be a protective reaction to the invasion of candidal pseudohyphae, but not associated with precancerous conditions.

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the present study, the proportion of mononuclear cells and percentages of CD4+ (OKT4 +) and CD8+ (OKT8 +) were determined in clinically healthy buccal mucosa in patients with recurrent minor aphthous ulceration (RAU) (n=43) during active and inactive disease as compared with RAU‐free controls (n= 15). In lamina propria, the total number of mononuclear cells and subset percentages were determined histologically and immunohistochemically. Mono‐nuclear cell counts in patient specimens were significantly lower than in the control group. CD4+ percentages were not significantly different between controls and patients. CD8+ percentages of the patients were significantly increased during active RAU, but not during inactive RAU as compared with controls. In proportion to the total number of mononuclear cells, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts per 0.25 mm2were significantly lower in the patients during both active and inactive disease as compared with controls. Thus, RAU seems characterized by reduced numbers of mononuclear cells, including T‐lymphocytopenia in the oral mucosa as such, features that appear more pronounced during active disease than during quies

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to study the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth induced by the immuno‐suppressive drug cyclosporine‐A (CyA), we investigated its effect on3H thymidine incorporation and on collagen production and mRNA levels in fibroblast cultures obtained from normal human gingiva. At concentrations of 100, 500 and 1000 ng/ml, CyA did not modify thymidine incorporation after 24 and 72 h of incubation. However, after 24 h it significantly increased the level of3H proline‐containing proteins in the medium. In addition, CyA increased α‐procollagen chains by up to three times. This CyA‐induced change was related to a rise in the level of type I procollagen. The CyA effect on fibroblasts was markedly reduced by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, and it correlated well with an increase of type I procollagen mRNA. Overall, our data indicate a direct stimulatory action of CyA on collagen synthesis, but not on DNA synthesis, in human gingival f

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Exfoliated primary teeth from a boy and a girl from a family with X‐linked amelogenesis imperfecta (XAI) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Teeth from the boy featured multiple shallow depressions on the enamel surface interspersed with deeper tubular voids. Shallow depressions and similar tubular defects were also apparent in control teeth from an unaffected individual but these were less frequent, irregularly distributed and less marked. Teeth from the heterozygous girl had broad furrows running longitudinally from the cusp(s) of the tooth cervically. These furrows were formed by a series of saucerized depressions which merged together in some areas. The bases of these depressions featured tubular voids extending into the enamel. These similar voids in teeth from both boy and girl probably represent enamel prism spaces vacant because of defective enamel protein synthesis and/or mineralization. Although the scanning electron microscopic features of teeth from females observed in this and previous studies of XAI differ, the enamel appears to be more similar in males with differing clinical XAI phenotype

ISSN:0904-2512    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY